Astroviruses: Human and Animal

Kurtz, J. B.; Lee, T.W.

doi:10.1002/9780470513460.ch6

Cited by 54 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These products usually undergo little if any processing before consumption and hence are susceptible to act as vehicles for human enteric virus transmission (221).…”

Section: Epidemiology Hastv Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Astroviruses

2014

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SUMMARY Human astroviruses (HAtVs) are positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that were discovered in 1975. Astroviruses infecting other species, particularly mammalian and avian, were identified and classified into the genera Mamastrovirus and Avastrovirus . Through next-generation sequencing, many new astroviruses infecting different species, including humans, have been described, and the Astroviridae family shows a high diversity and zoonotic potential. Three divergent groups of HAstVs are recognized: the classic ( MAstV 1 ), HAstV-MLB ( MAstV 6 ), and HAstV-VA/HMO ( MAstV 8 and MAstV 9 ) groups. Classic HAstVs contain 8 serotypes and account for 2 to 9% of all acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in children worldwide. Infections are usually self-limiting but can also spread systemically and cause severe infections in immunocompromised patients. The other groups have also been identified in children with gastroenteritis, but extraintestinal pathologies have been suggested for them as well. Classic HAstVs may be grown in cells, allowing the study of their cell cycle, which is similar to that of caliciviruses. The continuous emergence of new astroviruses with a potential zoonotic transmission highlights the need to gain insights on their biology in order to prevent future health threats. This review focuses on the basic virology, pathogenesis, host response, epidemiology, diagnostic assays, and prevention strategies for HAstVs.

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“…These products usually undergo little if any processing before consumption and hence are susceptible to act as vehicles for human enteric virus transmission (221).…”

Section: Epidemiology Hastv Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Astroviruses

2014

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“…They infect birds and mammals, respectively, despite the association between host species and astV genus has been recently evidenced to be permeable (Pankovics et al, 2015). AstVs are distributed widely and some have been identified as a cause of gastroenteritis in humans and other mammals (Koci et al, 2000;Kurtz and Lee, 1987;Matsui and Herrmann, 2003). Previous studies reported a high prevalence and genetic diversity of astroviruses in bats and rodents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of bat astroviruses in Lao PDR and Cambodia

Lacroix

Duong

Hul

et al. 2017

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Astroviruses are known to infect humans and a wide range of animal species, and can cause gastroenteritis in their hosts. Recent studies have reported astroviruses in bats in Europe and in several locations in China. We sampled 1876 bats from 17 genera at 45 sites from 14 and 13 provinces in Cambodia and Lao PDR respectively, and tested them for astroviruses. Our study revealed a high diversity of astroviruses among various Yangochiroptera and Yinpterochiroptera bats. Evidence for varying degrees of host restriction for astroviruses in bats was found. Furthermore, additional Pteropodid hosts were detected. The astroviruses formed distinct phylogenetic clusters within the genus Mamastrovirus, most closely related to other known bat astroviruses. The astrovirus sequences were found to be highly saturated indicating that phylogenetic relationships should be interpreted carefully. An astrovirus clustering in a group with other viruses from diverse hosts, including from ungulates and porcupines, was found in a Rousettus bat. These findings suggest that diverse astroviruses can be found in many species of mammals, including bats.

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“…2003). Astroviruses are one of the most resistant viruses; they show resistance against different physical and chemical agents; they are able to maintain their infectivity at 60°C for 10 min and are resistant to treatment at pH 3 (Kurtz and Lee 1987; Risco et al. 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human astroviruses in raw sewage samples in Hungary

et al. 2006

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Aims: Routine procedures for monitoring viruses in water samples have not been drawn up for the water‐microbiology screening panel. Enteric viruses, including astroviruses, are able to persist under environmental conditions and may cause public health problems by contaminating natural and drinking water resources. The aim of this study was to detect human astroviruses (HAstVs) from raw wastewater samples. Methods and Results: To obtain data on whether human astroviruses are shed in the environment, 35 raw sewage samples from 22 sewage plants in different regions of Baranya County, Hungary were tested for astrovirus using a polyethylene glycol method for concentration and a guanidinium thiocyanate–silica procedure for extraction of viral RNA. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) with HAstV‐specific primer pairs was used for amplification and the specificity of amplicons was confirmed by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Among the 35 raw sewage samples, 15 (43%) contained HAstV and by sequence analysis, 10 genotype HAstV‐1 and one genotype HAstV‐2 were identified. Conclusions: The high detection rate of astroviruses we encountered in this study provide convincing evidence that HAstVs circulate at a relatively high frequency in the Hungarian population. No correlation between the standard indicators of faecal pollution and the presence of HAstVs was found. Significance and Impact of the Study: Our study is the first report on detection of HAstV in sewage in Hungary and suggests that HAstV might be potent indicators of viral pollution in environmental specimens.

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Astroviruses: Human and Animal

Cited by 54 publications

References 25 publications

Human Astroviruses

Human Astroviruses

Diversity of bat astroviruses in Lao PDR and Cambodia

Human astroviruses in raw sewage samples in Hungary

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