Astroviruses

Willcocks, M. M.; Carter, M. J.; Madeley, C. R.

doi:10.1002/rmv.1980020206

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…The cellular receptor for SV40 virus was found to be expressed only on the apical surfaces of polarized Vero C1008 or Madin-Darby canine kidney cell cultures (4). Significantly, our results distinguish HAV from both poliovirus and rotavirus, which are capable of efficiently initiating infection from either surface of polarized Caco-2 cell cultures (34,36), and astrovirus, which may infect exclusively from the basolateral surface (40). A striking feature of our studies is the very low proportion of virus that was bound to or taken up by either side of the monolayer at the end of the adsorption period ( Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Infection of Polarized Cultures of Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells with Hepatitis A Virus: Vectorial Release of Progeny Virions through Apical Cellular Membranes

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Anderson

Beard

et al. 2000

J Virol

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Although hepatitis A virus (HAV) is typically transmitted by the fecal-oral route, little is known of its interactions with cells of the gastrointestinal tract.We studied the replication of HAV in polarized cultures of Caco-2 cells, a human cell line which retains many differentiated functions of small intestinal epithelial cells. Virus uptake was 30-to 40-fold more efficient when the inoculum was placed on the apical rather than the basolateral surface of these cells, suggesting a greater abundance of the cellular receptor for HAV on the apical surface. Infection proceeded without cytopathic effect and did not influence transepithelial resistance or the diffusion of inulin across cell monolayers. Nonetheless, there was extensive release of progeny virus, which occurred almost exclusively into apical supernatant fluids (36.4% ؎ 12.5% of the total virus yield compared with 0.23% ؎ 0.13% release into basolateral fluids). Brefeldin A caused a profound inhibition of HAV replication, but also selectively reduced apical release of virus. These results indicate that polarized human epithelial cell cultures undergo vectorial infection with HAV and that virus release is largely restricted to the apical membrane. Virus release occurs in the absence of cytopathic effect and may involve cellular vesicular transport mechanisms. Human hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a nonenveloped viruswith a single-stranded, 7.5-kb positive-sense RNA genome (17,18). It is classified as the type species of the genus Hepatovirus within the family Picornaviridae and is a common cause of both sporadic and epidemic acute hepatitis in humans (17,19). The transmission of HAV is generally due to the ingestion of material contaminated with feces containing HAV. However, the pathological sequence of events that begins with entry of the virus via the gastrointestinal tract and ultimately results in hepatitis is not well understood. A primary, extrahepatic site of replication for this highly hepatotropic agent has long been postulated, but has proven difficult to demonstrate. Early experiments involving immunohistologic evaluation of intestinal tissue from infected nonhuman primates provided no evidence for the presence of virus within the gastrointestinal mucosa. Both Mathiesen et al. (25) and Krawczynski et al. (16) were unable to identify viral antigen in the gut of enterically infected primates. However, more recent studies, possibly with better immunologic reagents, have resulted in the demonstration of HAV antigen within cells of the small intestine. Karayiannis et al. (14) found specific HAV antigen within the cytoplasm of ϳ3% of cells in duodenal biopsies from two of three tamarins (Saguinus labiatus) infected intravenously with a tamarinadapted HAV variant. Similarly, Asher et al. (2) demonstrated the presence of HAV antigen in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells lining small intestinal crypts within 3 days of the oral inoculation of New World owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) with virus. In these animals, virus was present in the gut prior to its d...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Infection of Polarized Cultures of Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells with Hepatitis A Virus: Vectorial Release of Progeny Virions through Apical Cellular Membranes

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Anderson

Beard

et al. 2000

J Virol

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“…They were first reported in 1975 in the stools of children and since then they have been described in some mammalian species (cattle, sheep, cat, pigs, dogs, mice, deer, minks and bats) as a cause of gastroenteritis (Appleton & Higgins, 1975;Wilcocks et al, 1992;Tang et al, 2005;Chu et al, 2008). Besides affecting mostly young mammals, astroviruses became a common finding in poultry after they were first reported in 1980 in turkey faeces (McNulty et al, 1980;Koci & Schultz-Cherry, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Avian astroviruses are linked to poult enteritis and mortality syndrome (PEMS) in turkeys, runting and stunting syndrome (RSS) in chickens, fatal hepatitis in ducklings and enteritis in guinea fowl (Gough et al, 1984;Baxendale & Mebatsion, 2004;Catolli et al, 2005;Pantin-Jackwood et al, 2006;Spackman et al, 2010). They are classified as turkey astrovirus, chicken astrovirus, avian nephritis virus (ANV) and duck astrovirus (DAstV) (Wilcocks et al, 1992;Koci & Schultz-Cherry, 2002;Baxendale & Mebatsion, 2004;Fu et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and characterization of avian nephritis virus in ducklings

et al. 2011

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The first evidence of avian nephritis virus (ANV) in ducks is described. A diagnostic investigation was performed on three duck farms in Croatia. Samples from dead-in-shell ducklings and ducklings aged 30 days were collected and prepared for molecular and histopathological examination. Intestinal and liver samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of ANV, duck enteritis virus, duck hepatitis virus 1 and Derzsy's disease virus. Multiple tissues were collected for histological examination and lesions were found to be confined to the kidney and intestine. Moderate focal interstitial and periglomerular mononuclear cell infiltrates (mostly lymphocytes and plasma cells) were detected in the kidney. The duodenum showed rather diffuse pericryptal mononuclear cell hyperplasia (lymphocytes) and fibroplasia. ANV was detected by PCR in all the intestinal samples, while no other viruses were found. Sequence comparisons of the portion of the open reading frame 1b encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene confirmed that the virus detected and sequenced from ducklings shared high nucleotide and amino acid identities with ANV-1. Additional work is required to determine the clinicopathological significance of ANV infection in ducks.

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“…In mammals, many RNA viruses that encode proteases can cleave the host eIF4G and inhibit host cell protein synthesis [39,40]. Our previous study suggested that PRSV NIa-Pro contains a trypsin-like cysteine/serine peptidase domain, and that the His45, Asp80, and Cys149 residues constitute the catalytic triad of the protease [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NIa-Pro of Papaya ringspot virus interacts with Carica papaya eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit G (CpeIF3G)

et al. 2014

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The interaction of papaya eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit G (CpeIF3G) with Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) NIa-Pro was validated using a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay in papaya protoplasts based on the previous yeast two-hybrid assay results. The C-terminal (residues 133-239) fragment of PRSV NIa-Pro and the central domain (residues 59-167) of CpeIF3G were required for effective interaction between NIa-Pro and CpeIF3G as shown by a Sos recruitment yeast two-hybrid system with several deletion mutants of NIa-Pro and CpeIF3G. The central domain of CpeIF3G, which contains a C2HC-type zinc finger motif, is required to bind to other eIFs of the translational machinery. In addition, quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR assay confirmed that PRSV infection leads to a 2- to 4.5-fold up-regulation of CpeIF3G mRNA in papaya. Plant eIF3G is involved in various stress response by enhancing the translation of resistance-related proteins. It is proposed that the NIa-Pro-CpeIF3G interaction may impair translation preinitiation complex assembly of defense proteins and interfere with host defense.

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Astroviruses

Cited by 30 publications

References 53 publications

Infection of Polarized Cultures of Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells with Hepatitis A Virus: Vectorial Release of Progeny Virions through Apical Cellular Membranes

Infection of Polarized Cultures of Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells with Hepatitis A Virus: Vectorial Release of Progeny Virions through Apical Cellular Membranes

Detection and characterization of avian nephritis virus in ducklings

NIa-Pro of Papaya ringspot virus interacts with Carica papaya eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit G (CpeIF3G)

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