Astroparticle physics with high energy neutrinos: from AMANDA to IceCube

Halzen, F.

doi:10.1140/epjc/s2006-02536-4

Cited by 85 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…in active galactic nuclei, black holes or in the decays of very massive particles (see, for example, [163,164] for more details). Here one needs a somewhat reliable knowledge of parton distributions at the weak scale…”

Section: Astrophysical Relevance Of the Dynamical Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamical parton distributions of the nucleon

Jimenez-Delgado¹

2009

Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements

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Section: Astrophysical Relevance Of the Dynamical Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamical parton distributions of the nucleon

Jimenez-Delgado¹

2009

Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements

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“…Similar detectors (ANTARES, NESTOR) that use water instead of ice are under construction in the Mediterranean. Additional projects, intended to explore other neutrino signatures such as air showers, have also been initiated, and will detect even higher energy neutrinos 23 . The 1,637 bursts detected over an effective exposure time of 2.62 years and recorded in the BATSE 4B Catalog have an average fluence of 1.2 × 10 −5 ergs cm −2 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a given total emitted neutrino energy, the number of emitted neutrinos decreases proportionally to the average energy. However, the detectors' sensitivity increases for higher energy neutrinos 23,25 , and this compensates somewhat over the decreasing particle flux, so the detected flux decreases only as E The examinable ξ 1 parameter space. The range of ξ 1 that can be explored for LIV delays using GRB neutrinos from z = 1 as a function of E ν .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Neutrinos from gamma-ray bursts as a tool to explore quantum-gravity-induced Lorentz violation

2007

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Lorentz-invariance violation (LIV) arises in various quantumgravity1,2 theories, but typically at Planck energies that are not accessible on Earth. To test LIV, we must turn to astronomical observations 2-11 . Time-of-flight measurements from astronomical sources have set the present limits on the LIV energy scale. According to existing models, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are accompanied by very high-energy neutrinos 12,13 . At these energies, the background level in neutrino detectors such as IceCube (currently under construction in Antarctica) is extremely low. We show that the detection of even a single neutrino from the same direction as a GRB, months after the burst, would be statistically significant and imply that the neutrino was associated with the burst. The detection of several delayed neutrinos from different bursts with compatible relations between their delay times, energies and distances would enable us to generically determine (or set limits on) LIV at levels that cannot be reached by any other method.History tells us that symmetries, observed over a large range of parameters and believed to be fundamental properties of our physical world, may lose their significance later when observations are made over a larger range of parameters and when a new physical understanding arises. Such apparent symmetries often emerge as leading-order approximations of more complex symmetries, found to describe more accurately the larger range of observations. The Lorentz symmetry might be such an apparent symmetry, as Lorentz-invariance might be violated or deformed at very high energies. This possibility, which was initially motivated by attempts [14][15][16] to resolve the GZK paradox 17,18 , arises naturally in various theories of quantum gravity (see, for example, refs 1,2 for a review).Here, we consider a simple phenomenological approach 16 for LIV with a symmetry-breaking energy scale of ξE pl (E pl being the Planck energy ∼1.2 × 10 28 eV). We consider a single LIV scale (ξ) for all particles. This arises naturally in any theory in which the modification originates from a small-scale structure of spacetime. Certain theories, for example the one proposed by Coleman and Glashow 15 , allow different LIV scales for different particles. In such a case, the time delay between low-energy photons and high-energy neutrinos, which we consider here, essentially limits the neutrinos LIV scale.Taking into account only the leading-order correction, we expect, for particles with E ξE pl , a generic approximate dispersion relation:

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“…A high-energy neutrino has a reduced mean free path (λν ), and the secondary muon an increased range (λμ), so the probability for observing a muon, λμ/λν , increases with energy; it is about 10 −6 for a 1 TeV neutrino. 37 represents one particularly efficient way to do high-energy neutrino astronomy. This requires the use of transparent media like water or ice.…”

Section: -31mentioning

confidence: 99%

IceCube and the discovery of high-energy cosmic neutrinos

Halzen

2017

The Fourteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting

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By transforming a cubic kilometer of natural Antarctic ice into a neutrino detector, the IceCube project created the opportunity to observe cosmic neutrinos. We describe the experiment and the complementary methods presently used to study the flux of the recently discovered cosmic neutrinos. In one method, events are selected in which neutrinos interacted inside the instrumented volume of the detector, yielding a sample of events dominated by neutrinos of electron and tau flavor. Alternatively, another method detects secondary muons produced by neutrinos selected for having traveled through the Earth to reach the detector, providing a pure sample of muon neutrinos. We will summarize the results obtained with the enlarged data set collected since the initial discovery and appraise the current status of high-energy neutrino astronomy. The large extragalactic neutrino flux observed points to a nonthermal universe with comparable energy in neutrinos, gamma rays and cosmic rays. Continued observations may be closing in on the source candidates. In this context, we highlight the potential of multimessenger analyses as well as the compelling case for constructing a next-generation detector larger in volume by one order of magnitude.

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Astroparticle physics with high energy neutrinos: from AMANDA to IceCube

Cited by 85 publications

References 42 publications

Dynamical parton distributions of the nucleon

Dynamical parton distributions of the nucleon

Neutrinos from gamma-ray bursts as a tool to explore quantum-gravity-induced Lorentz violation

IceCube and the discovery of high-energy cosmic neutrinos

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