Astronomical tuning of the end-Permian extinction and the Early Triassic Epoch of South China and Germany

Li, Mingsong; Ogg, James G.; Yang, Zhifeng; Huang, Chunju; Hinnov, Linda A.; Chen, Zhong‐Qiang; Zou, Zongqi

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.017

Cited by 140 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…1 and Table 1). However, a conservative 2-times sedimentation increase is adopted, as the previously cited estimates largely hinge on calculations based on the duration of the respective stages, which are subject to continuous modification (Li et al, 2016). The f dia and/or f auth for both trajectories of carbonate rock stabilization is kept constant at 0.2.…”

Section: Modernmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latest Permian carbonate carbon isotope variability traces heterogeneous organic carbon accumulation and authigenic carbonate formation

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Bulk-carbonate carbon isotope ratios are a widely applied proxy for investigating the ancient biogeochemical carbon cycle. Temporal carbon isotope trends serve as a prime stratigraphic tool, with the inherent assumption that bulk micritic carbonate rock is a faithful geochemical recorder of the isotopic composition of seawater dissolved inorganic carbon. However, bulk-carbonate rock is also prone to incorporate diagenetic signals. The aim of the present study is to disentangle primary trends from diagenetic signals in carbon isotope records which traverse the Permian-Triassic boundary in the marine carbonate-bearing sequences of Iran and South China. By pooling newly produced and published carbon isotope data, we confirm that a global first-order trend towards depleted values exists. However, a large amount of scatter is superimposed on this geochemical record. In addition, we observe a temporal trend in the amplitude of this residual δ 13 C variability, which is reproducible for the two studied regions. We suggest that (sub-)sea-floor microbial communities and their control on calcite nucleation and ambient porewater dissolved inorganic carbon δ 13 C pose a viable mechanism to induce bulk-rock δ 13 C variability. Numerical model calculations highlight that early diagenetic carbonate rock stabilization and linked carbon isotope alteration can be controlled by organic matter supply and subsequent microbial remineralization. A major biotic decline among Late Permian bottom-dwelling organisms facilitated a spatial increase in heterogeneous organic carbon accumulation. Combined with low marine sulfate, this resulted in varying degrees of carbon isotope overprinting. A simulated time series suggests that a 50 % increase in the spatial scatter of organic carbon relative to the average, in addition to an imposed increase in the likelihood of sampling cements formed by microbial calcite nucleation to 1 out of 10 samples, is sufficient to induce the observed signal of carbon isotope variability. These findings put constraints on the application of Permian-Triassic carbon isotope chemostratigraphy based on whole-rock samples, which appears less refined than classical biozonation dating schemes. On the other hand, this signal of increased carbon isotope variability concurrent with the largest mass extinction of the Phanerozoic may proPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

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Section: Modernmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latest Permian carbonate carbon isotope variability traces heterogeneous organic carbon accumulation and authigenic carbonate formation

et al. 2017

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“…However, evidence of such exposure in the form of karstification is absent in the studied locations Yin et al, 2014). A recent study on the Meishan section suggests that recrystallization (i.e., zoned dolomite crystals) and the modification of the C isotope composition of certain stratigraphic levels was forced by a short-lived regression and consequential exposure to meteoric water (Li and Jones, 2017). However, the assignment of such petrological indices to specific diagenetic environments is often fraught with uncertainties, and it is not uncommon for alleged diagnostic features to occur in a range of diagenetic environments (Melim et al, 2002).…”

Section: Stochastic Carbon Isotope Signatures Of the Permian-triassicmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…These deviations are often encountered on refined stratigraphic and lateral scales, complicating interregional high-resolution correlations (Heydari et al, 2001;Hermann et al, 2010). Subaerial exposure and projected trajectories of bulk-carbonate stabilization under the influence of meteoric fluids and high water-rock ratios might be invoked to explain this disparity (Heydari et al, 2001;Li and Jones, 2017). Other studies have pointed to stratigraphic variations in predominant mineral rock composition as a source of δ 13 C carb modulations, citing the mineral-specific isotope offset between aragonite, dolomite and low-Mg calcite (Brand et al, 2012b;Heydari et al, 2013;Schobben et al, 2016;Li and Jones, 2017).…”

Section: Stochastic Carbon Isotope Signatures Of the Permian-triassicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, secondary calcite and dolomite additions might be a causal factor behind observed δ 13 C variability. However, these additions can also be the result of in situ microbially steered mineral formation, which incorporates metabolically produced DIC isotope signatures (Bontognali et al, 2014;Li and Jones, 2017). As such, our conceptualized model is not mutually exclusive with regards to carbonate polymorph compositional changes, but it does not require rapid global secular marine ion inventory changes.…”

Section: Stochastic Carbon Isotope Signatures Of the Permian-triassicmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Latest Permian carbonate-carbon isotope variability traces heterogeneous organic carbon accumulation and authigenic carbonate formation

Schobben¹,

Velde²,

Suchocka³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Bulk-carbonate carbon isotope measurements are a widely applied proxy for investigating the ancient biogeochemical carbon cycle. Temporal carbon isotope trends serve as a prime stratigraphic tool, with the inherent assumption that bulk micritic carbonate rock is a faithful geochemical recorder of the isotopic composition of seawater dissolved inorganic carbon. However, bulk-carbonate rock is also prone to incorporate diagenetic signals. The aim of the present study is to disentangle primary trends from diagenetic signals in carbon isotope records which traverse the Permian–Triassic boundary in marine carbonate-bearing sequences of Iran and South China. By pooling newly produced and published carbon isotope data we confirm that a global first-order trend towards depleted values exists. However, a large amount of scatter is superimposed on this geochemical record. In addition, we observe a temporal trend in the amplitude of this residual δ13C variability, which is reproducible for the two studied regions. We suggest that (sub)seafloor microbial communities and their control on calcite nucleation as well as on ambient porewater dissolved inorganic carbon-δ13C pose a viable mechanism to induce bulk-rock δ13C variability. Numerical model calculations highlight that early diagenetic carbonate rock stabilization, and linked carbon isotope alteration, can be controlled by organic matter supply and subsequent microbial remineralization. Low marine sulfate and a major biotic decline among late Permian bottom-dwelling organisms facilitated a spatial increase in heterogeneous organic carbon accumulation, causing varying degrees of carbon isotope overprint. A simulated time series suggests that a 50 % increase in the spatial scatter of organic carbon relative to the average, in addition to an imposed increase in the likelihood of sampling cements formed by microbial calcite nucleation to one out of 10 samples, is sufficient to induce the observed signal of carbon isotope variability. These findings put constraints on the application of Permian–Triassic carbon isotope chemostratigraphy based on whole-rock samples, which appears less refined than classical biozonation dating schemes. On the other hand, this signal of increased carbon isotope variability concurrent with the largest mass extinction of the Phanerozoic may inform about local carbon cycling mediated by spatially heterogeneous (sub)-seafloor microbial communities under suppressed bioturbation.

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“…(2) Initial surveys of stratigraphic frequencies in the Ca and Fe/ Ti data, and estimation of accumulation rate fluctuations, were obtained by a sliding-window spectral analysis with evolutive Fast Fourier transform (FFT) spectrograms using ''evofft.m" in Matlab software [38,39].…”

Section: Time-series Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astronomical time scale for the lower Doushantuo Formation of early Ediacaran, South China

et al. 2018

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Astronomical tuning of the end-Permian extinction and the Early Triassic Epoch of South China and Germany

Cited by 140 publications

References 46 publications

Latest Permian carbonate carbon isotope variability traces heterogeneous organic carbon accumulation and authigenic carbonate formation

Latest Permian carbonate carbon isotope variability traces heterogeneous organic carbon accumulation and authigenic carbonate formation

Latest Permian carbonate-carbon isotope variability traces heterogeneous organic carbon accumulation and authigenic carbonate formation

Astronomical time scale for the lower Doushantuo Formation of early Ediacaran, South China

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