Astronomical time scale of the lower Miocene depositional sequences (Aquitanian-Burdigalian) in the Jambour Field, northern Iraq

Farouk, Sherif; Lawa, Fadhil A.; Abdeldaim, Ahmed; Mohammed, Ibrahim Q.; Al‐Khatany, Khaled M.

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2023.106182

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…These fluctuations in standard facies zone probably belong to short episodes of more open marine influence-affected lagoon conditions within this interval; the appearance of Acicularia in algal wackestone microfacies indicates low energy and protected environmental conditions. The same cases have been reported in Middle Miocene deposits, which contained a calcareous green alga of Acicularia in mainly shallow marine conditions in tropical-subtropical waters within coastal lagoon settings [20,21]; this could probably be linked to a relative sea level rise during the Paleocene-Eocene interval [22,23]. Therefore, the triangle diagram revealed a relatively high percentage of diverse of bio-components from miliolids and small benthic foraminifera, and dasycladacean green algae (Figure 9 and Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Paleoenvironmental Evaluation Using an Integrated Microfacies Evidence and Triangle Model Diagram: A Case Study from Khurmala Formation, Northeastern Iraq

Abid,

Salih,

Martyushev

2023

JMSE

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The sequence of the Khurmala Formation located in northeastern Iraq was measured and sampled to evaluate its paleoenvironmental features, including sedimentological and microfacies analyses. The studied formation was analyzed under an optical microscope and was dominated by three main types of microfacies: coralligenous–algal wackestone, foraminiferal–peloidal packstone, and foraminiferal–peloidal grainstone. These hosted microfacies in the Khurmala Formation rarely contain a non-geniculate algae that insufficient for complete reef-building as a crest, but among the common algae, there are calcareous geniculate and green algae associated with benthic foraminifera and a minor component of planktonic foraminifera in the basin due to high-energetic open shallow-water environmental conditions during the deposition of the Khurmala Formation. The relative percentages of foraminifera, including both benthic and planktonic, plotted on triangular diagrams revealed a graphic indicator of paleoenvironment analyses. Detailed examination and analyses for microfacies, new findings of calcareous green algae (Acicularia and Clypeina), and microfacies analyses based on the triangle method and standard facies zones, denote that the upper part of the Khurmala Formation was richer in fined grain and Acicularia green algae, reflecting lower energy conditions than during deposition in the lower part of the formation, which was represented by algal wackestone microfacies and dominated by Clypeina green algae. In summary, these fluctuations in facies/microfacies changes, the appearance of new green algae, and different percentages of foraminiferal content are linked to the global sea level fluctuation that occurred during the Paleocene–Eocene interval.

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