Astronomical calibration of the Paleocene time

Westerhold, Thomas; Röhl, Ursula; Raffi, Isabella; Fornaciari, Eliana; Monechi, Simonetta; Reale, Viviana; Bowles, J. A.; Evans, Helen F

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.09.016

Cited by 297 publications

(310 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Röhl et al 2000Röhl et al , 2003Röhl et al , 2004Westerhold et al 2007Westerhold et al , 2008. Orbital forcing has been recorded for the Eocene from marine (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term fluctuations in vegetation and phytoplankton during the Middle Eocene greenhouse climate: a 640-kyr record from the Messel oil shale (Germany)

Lenz

Wilde

Riegel

2010

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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The Palaeogene was the most recent greenhouse period on Earth. Especially for the Late Palaeocene and Early Eocene, several superimposed short-term hyperthermal events have been described, including extremes such as the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. Major faunal and floral turnovers in the marine and terrestrial realms were recorded in association with these events. High-resolution palynological analysis of the early Middle Eocene maar lake sediments at Messel, near Darmstadt, Germany, provides an insight into the dynamics of a climax vegetation during the Middle Eocene greenhouse climate in a time span without significant climatic excursions. Numerical techniques like detrended correspondence analysis and wavelet analysis have been applied to recognize cyclic fluctuations and long-term trends in the vegetation through a time interval of approximately 640 kyr. Based on the numerical zoning of the pollen diagram, three phases in the development of the vegetation may be distinguished. Throughout these phases, the climax vegetation did not change substantially in qualitative composition, but a trend towards noticeably less humid conditions probably in combination with a drop of the water level in the lake may be recognized. A shift in algal population from the freshwater dinoflagellate cyst Messelodinium thielepfeifferae to a dominance of Botryococcus in the uppermost part of the core is interpreted as a response to changes in acidity and nutrient availability within the lake. Time series analyses of pollen assemblages show that variations in the Milankovitch range of eccentricity, obliquity and precession can be distinguished. In addition, fluctuations in the sub-Milankovitch range are indicated. This demonstrates that floral changes during steady depositional conditions in the Middle Eocene of Messel were controlled by orbital forcing.

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“…Röhl et al 2000Röhl et al , 2003Röhl et al , 2004Westerhold et al 2007Westerhold et al , 2008. Orbital forcing has been recorded for the Eocene from marine (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term fluctuations in vegetation and phytoplankton during the Middle Eocene greenhouse climate: a 640-kyr record from the Messel oil shale (Germany)

Lenz

Wilde

Riegel

2010

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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“…This 405-kyr cycle is particularly important to establish a precise cyclostratigraphic based scale: firstly because of its greater stability compared to the other cycles (LASKAR, 1999;LASKAR et al, 2004), secondly because its length is closer to the time scales usually used by geologists (biozones, magnetozones) and thus is more easily correlated with that scales. Some authors already showed the interest of this 405-kyr cycle for Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene stratigraphy (HERBERT, 1999;HERBERT et al, 1999;LOURENS et al, 2005b;WESTERHOLD et al, 2007WESTERHOLD et al, , 2008KUI-PER et al, 2008;HUSSON et al, 2011;HENNEBERT, 2012;WAGREICH et al, 2012).…”

Section: Astrochronologymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In this case climatic variations influence the transfer of the detrital argillaceous fraction, coming from the platform top or the adjacent continental areas, and the carbonate sedimentation, which is constituted by benthic, pelagic, or winnowed platform top material. It was already shown that the lithological variations, induced by the variations of the Earth's orbit parameters in the MILANKOVITCH band (periods from 20 to 400 kyr; BERGER, 1978aBERGER, , 1978bLASKAR, 1988;BERGER & LOUTRE, 1991;LASKAR et al, 2004LASKAR et al, , 2011 were appropriate to establish a very precise time scale (e.g., HERBERT & D'HONDT, 1990;ten KATE & SPRENGER, 1993;HILGEN et al, 1993HILGEN et al, , 1999HOU-SE & GALE, 1995;HERBERT, 1999;SHACKLETON et al, 1999;CLEMENS, 1999;HINNOV, 2000HINNOV, , 2005PÄLIKE et al, 2001;GALEOTTI et al, 2003;HENNE-BERT & DUPUIS, 2003;DINARÈS-TURELL et al, 2003;LOURENS et al, 2005aLOURENS et al, , 2005bFIET et al, 2006;PÄLIKE et al, 2006;SPROVIERI et al, 2006;HINNOV & OGG, 2007;WESTERHOLD et al, 2007WESTERHOLD et al, , 2008HENNEBERT et al, 2009;HENNEBERT, 2012).…”

Section: Astrochronologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main problem with the astronomical age model is that different tuning options to the 405-kyr eccentricity cycle exist for the older part of the Paleogene. It results that the number and tuning of 405-kyr cycles remain undecided (WESTERHOLD et al, 2008;HILGEN et al, 2010;HUSSON et al, 2011;VANDENBERGHE et al, 2012). DINARÈS-TURELL et al (2003) …”

Section: Astronomical Datingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2) WESTERHOLD and collaborators study in South Atlantic and Zumaia WESTERHOLD et al (2008) provided the first study of a complete cyclic sedimentary succession for the early Paleogene from multiple holes that have been drilled during two ODP expeditions: Leg 198 (Shasky Rise, NW Pacific Ocean) and Leg 208 (Walvis Ridge, SE Atlantic Ocean). High resolution X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanner and other non-destructive core logging data from Sites 1209 through 1211 (Leg 198) and Sites 1262, 1267 (Leg 208) were performed.…”

Section: ) Herbert and Collaborators Study In South Atlanticmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary and its 405-kyr eccentricity cycle phase: a new constraint on radiometric dating and astrochronology

Hennebert¹

2014

Carnets Geol.

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Radiometric dating and astrochronologic dating still suffer discrepancies without knowing which one gives the most reliable results. A new tool is proposed to constrain both the approaches. The phase of the 405-kyr signal with respect to the Cretaceous -Paleogene boundary event has been determined in the Aïn Settara section (Kalaat Senan, central Tunisia). We use this phase value (Option 2), as well as an average of phase values obtained from the literature (Option 1), to examine the relationship linking both the radiometric (absolute) age assigned to the K-Pg boundary and the Cenozoic average-value of the ~405-kyr eccentricity period. A new useful constraint emerges: to any absolute age assumed for the K-Pg boundary corresponds a value of the mean Cenozoic 405-kyr period, and vice versa. Supposing a K-Pg boundary radiometric age in the vicinity of 66.0 Ma, then the number of entire cycles (comprised between two minima of the 405-kyr eccentricity signal) within the Cenozoic Period could only be equal to 163. When adding to this figure the parts of the cycles preceding and following these 163 entire cycles the total duration of the Cenozoic Era becomes equal to 163.168 cycles (Option 1) or 163.081 cycles (Option 2). We propose to grant a special interest to the determination of the 405-kyr cycle phase at stratigraphically well documented levels, particularly those that correspond to world-wide, sudden and catastrophic events, that are well located in time by reliable radiometric dates. Résumé : La limite Crétacé -Paléogène et la phase du cycle de 405 ka de l'excentricité : nouvelles contraintes sur la datation radiométrique et l'astrochronologie.-Les datations radiomé-triques et astrochronologiques ne s'accordent pas encore parfaitement, sans que l'on sache laquelle des deux approches est la plus précise. Un nouvel outil est proposé pour contraindre les résultats des deux méthodes. La position précise (phase) de la limite Crétacé -Paléogène (K-Pg) par rapport au cycle de 405 ka a été déterminée dans la coupe de l'Aïn Settara (Kalaat Senan, Tunisie centrale). Cette valeur de phase (Option 2), ainsi que la valeur moyenne des phases obtenues de la littérature (Option 1), sont utilisées pour étudier la relation qui lie l'âge radiométrique assigné à la limite K-Pg et la période moyenne, sur l'ensemble du Cénozoïque, du cycle de 405 ka. Il en résulte une contrainte intéressante : à chaque âge absolu assigné à la limite K-Pg correspond une valeur moyenne de la période du cycle de 405 ka et vice versa. Si l'on suppose que l'âge radiométrique de la limite K-Pg se situe au voisinage de 66,0 Ma, alors, le nombre entier de cycles (compris entre deux minima du signal), que connaît le Cénozoïque, est de 163. Si on additionne à cette valeur la partie de cycle qui précède et celle qui suit ces 163 cycles entiers, on obtient une durée totale du Cénozoïque de 163,168 cycles (Option 1) ou de 163,081 cycles (Option 2). Nous proposons de porter une attention particulière à la détermination de la phase du cycle de 405 ka par...

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Evidence for reduced export productivity following the Cretaceous/Paleogene mass extinction

et al. 2015

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The Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) mass extinction was associated with a collapse in the carbon isotopic (δ 13 C) gradient between planktonic and benthic foraminifera and a decrease in bulk carbonate δ 13 C values. These perturbations have been explained by several hypotheses: global collapse of primary productivity (Strangelove Ocean), greatly reduced export but not primary productivity (Living Ocean), little or no reduction in export productivity (Resilient Ocean), and geographic heterogeneity in the change of export productivity (Heterogeneous Ocean). We tested primary versus export productivity changes in the paleoshelf of New Jersey, where δ 13 C values and organic carbon accumulation rates can distinguish among different ocean responses. On the shelf, the K/Pg boundary is associated with a~2.5‰ δ 13 C decrease in bulk carbonate, a~0.8‰ δ 13 C decrease in organic carbon, a collapse of the surface to bottom δ 13 C gradient, and a drop in organic carbon accumulation rates. We interpret an early Danian~1.0‰ planktonic foraminiferal δ 13 C gradient, a~0.75‰ cross-shelf benthic foraminiferal δ 13 C gradient, and a drop in carbon accumulation rates to reflect the presence of active primary but limited export productivity, consistent with the Living Ocean hypothesis. We evaluated interbasinal deep-sea benthic foraminiferal δ 13 C gradients between the Pacific (Site 1210) and Atlantic (Site 1262) oceans as a proxy for changes in export productivity. The interbasinal δ 13 C gradient was reduced after the mass extinction, suggesting a reduction in global export productivity. Although our data support the Living Ocean hypothesis, evidence from paleoupwelling zones shows significant export productivity, indicating spatial heterogeneity in the wake of the K/Pg mass extinction (Heterogeneous Ocean).

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Astronomical calibration of the Paleocene time

Cited by 297 publications

References 51 publications

Short-term fluctuations in vegetation and phytoplankton during the Middle Eocene greenhouse climate: a 640-kyr record from the Messel oil shale (Germany)

Short-term fluctuations in vegetation and phytoplankton during the Middle Eocene greenhouse climate: a 640-kyr record from the Messel oil shale (Germany)

The Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary and its 405-kyr eccentricity cycle phase: a new constraint on radiometric dating and astrochronology

Evidence for reduced export productivity following the Cretaceous/Paleogene mass extinction

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