MicroRNAs act via targeted suppression of messenger RNA translation in the DNA-RNA-protein axis. The dysregulation of microRNA(s) reflects the epigenetic changes affecting the cellular processes in multiple disorders. To understand the complex effect of dysregulated microRNAs linked to neurodegeneration, we performed a cross-sectional microRNA expression analysis in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (n=367), progressive supranuclear palsy (n=35) and healthy controls (n=416) from the Luxembourg Parkinson’s study, followed by prediction modelling, enriched pathway analysis and target simulation of dysregulated miRNAs using probabilistic Boolean modelling. Forty-six microRNAs were identified to be dysregulated in Parkinson’s disease vs. controls and 16 in progressive supranuclear palsy vs. controls with four overlapping significantly dysregulated microRNAs between the comparisons. Predictive power of microRNA subsets (including up to 100 microRNAs) was modest for differentiating Parkinson’s disease or progressive supranuclear palsy from controls (maximal cross-validated area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve 0.76 and 0.86 respectively) and low for progressive supranuclear palsy vs. Parkinson’s disease (maximal cross-validated area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve 0.63). The enriched pathway analysis revealed Natural Killer cells pathway to be dysregulated in both, Parkinson’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy vs. controls, indicating that the immune system might play an important role in both diseases. Probabilistic Boolean modelling of pathway dynamics affected by dysregulated microRNAs in Parkinson’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy revealed partially overlapping dysregulation in activity of the transcription factor EB, endoplasmatic reticulum stress signalling, calcium signalling pathway, dopaminergic transcription, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α activity, though involving different mechanisms. These findings indicated a partially convergent (sub)cellular endpoint dysfunction at multiple levels in Parkinson’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy, but with distinctive underlying molecular mechanisms.
