Astrocytes Promote Myelination in Response to Electrical Impulses

Ishibashi, Tomoko; Dakin, Kelly A.; Stevens, Beth; Lee, Philip R.; Kozlov, Serguei; Stewart, Colin L.; Fields, R. Douglas

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.02.006

Cited by 590 publications

(545 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Previously we determined that the synthesis and secretion of LIF from astrocytes can be regulated by electrical impulses in dorsal root ganglion axons to stimulate myelination by oligodendrocytes (Ishibashi et al, 2006). The hypothesis that a similar molecular mechanism could regulate differentiation of hippocampal GFAP-positive astrocytes in an activitydependent manner was investigated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each sample was assayed in duplicate for LIF content using a Quantikine LIF ELISA assay (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) on a Victor Wallac microtiter plate reader as previously described (Ishibashi et al, 2006).…”

Section: Lif Elisamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although many growth factors could be released in an activitydependent manner from neurons to affect glial development, purinergic signaling has recently become appreciated as an important component of activity-dependent neuron-glial signaling (Fields and Stevens, 2000;Fields and Burnstock, 2006;North and Verkhratsky, 2006). In other contexts, previous research has shown that purinergic signaling through P 2 Y receptors on astrocytes increases the expression and release of LIF (Ishibashi et al, 2006). By hypothesis, activity-dependent release of ATP from developing hippocampal neurons could regulate astrocyte development by inducing LIF release from hippocampal astrocytes.…”

Section: Spontaneous Neuronal Impulse Activity Regulates Glial Differmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activity-dependent neuron–glial signaling by ATP and leukemia-inhibitory factor promotes hippocampal glial cell development

Cohen

Fields

2008

Neuron Glia Biol.

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Activity-dependent signaling between neurons and astrocytes contributes to experience-dependent plasticity and development of the nervous system. However, mechanisms responsible for neuronglial interactions and the releasable factors that underlie these processes are not well understood. The pro-inflammatory cytokine, leukemia-inhibitory factor (LIF), is transiently expressed postnatally by glial cells in the hippocampus and rapidly up-regulated by enhanced neural activity following seizures. To test the hypothesis that spontaneous neural activity regulates glial development in hippocampus via LIF signaling, we blocked spontaneous activity with the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX) in mixed hippocampal cell cultures in combination with blockers of LIF and purinergic signaling. TTX decreased the number of GFAP-expressing astrocytes in hippocampal cell culture. Furthermore, blocking purinergic signaling by P2Y receptors contributed to reduced numbers of astrocytes. Blocking activity or purinergic signaling in the presence of function-blocking antibodies to LIF did not further decrease the number of astrocytes. Moreover, hippocampal cell cultures prepared from LIF −/− mice had reduced numbers of astrocytes and activity-dependent neuron-glial signaling promoting differentiation of astrocytes was absent. The results show that endogenous LIF is required for normal development of hippocampal astrocytes, and this process is regulated by spontaneous neural impulse activity through the release of ATP.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lif Elisamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spontaneous Neuronal Impulse Activity Regulates Glial Differmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activity-dependent neuron–glial signaling by ATP and leukemia-inhibitory factor promotes hippocampal glial cell development

Cohen

Fields

2008

Neuron Glia Biol.

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“…They depend on genetic and environmental factors, such as the level of electrical activity of an axon [23,24] and on experience [25]. Previous studies showed significant pruning in the corpus callosum during development of rhesus monkeys resulting in 3.5 times less axons in adults than at birth [26], whereas the remaining axons with high electrical activity get thicker myelin sheet [27]. The co-occurring myelination and pruning with other changes in the white matter microstructure during childhood was found to result in a net increase of FA in many brain regions [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new approach to corpus callosum anomalies in idiopathic scoliosis using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging

et al. 2014

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Purpose Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is a frequent 3D structural deformity of the spine with a multi-factorial aetiology which remains largely unclear. In the last decade, human magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphometry studies (e.g. cortical thickness, 2D shape of the corpus callosum) have aimed to investigate the potential contribution of the central nervous system in the etiopathogenesis of IS. Recent developments in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) allow us to extend the previous work to the study of white matter microstructure. Here, we hypothesized that part of the corpus callosum could show a difference in white matter microstructure in IS patients as compared to healthy controls.Methods We acquired DTI in 10 girls with IS and in 49 gender-matched controls to quantify the fractional anisotropy (FA) along the corpus callosum. Results Despite a very similar pattern of FA along the corpus callosum (maxima in the splenium and the genu and minimum in the isthmus), we found a significantly lower FA in the body in patients with IS as compared to control subjects. This region is known to connect the motor and premotor cortices of the two hemispheres. Conclusion This first diffusion magnetic resonance imaging brain study in IS patients, suggests that differences in white matter development, such as synchronization of axonal myelination and pruning could be involved in the etiopathogenesis of IS.

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“…This may in part reflect the activity-evoked release of ATP and adenosine (Stevens et al, 2002;Ishibashi et al, 2006;Hamilton et al, 2008), but the presence of glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses onto OPCs (Bergles et al, 2000;Lin and Bergles, 2004;Jabs et al, 2005;Kukley et al, 2007;Ziskin et al, 2007;Káradóttir et al, 2005Káradóttir et al, , 2008 suggests that synaptic contacts from unmyelinated axons to OPCs (and possibly production of action potentials in the OPCs) may play a key role in initiating myelination. Since synapses are made predominantly onto the Na þ channel expressing OPCs (Káradóttir et al, 2008), which can sense neural activity as a synaptic input, these cells might carry out a different type of myelination programme, that is regulated differently, from the ohmic OPCs that lack synaptic input and so do not sense neuronal activity in this way.…”

Section: T W O T Y P E S O F O P C T W O T Y P E S O F M Y E L I Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical signalling properties of oligodendrocyte precursor cells

2009

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yamina bakiri 1 , david attwell 1 and ragnhildur kara ' do ' ttir 2Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) have become the focus of intense research, not only because they generate myelinforming oligodendrocytes in the normal CNS, but because they may be suitable for transplantation to treat disorders in which myelin does not form or is damaged, and because they have stem-cell-like properties in that they can generate astrocytes and neurons as well as oligodendrocytes. In this article we review the electrical signalling properties of OPCs, including the synaptic inputs they receive and their use of voltage-gated channels to generate action potentials, and we describe experiments attempting to detect output signalling from OPCs. We discuss controversy over the existence of different classes of OPC with different electrical signalling properties, and speculate on the lineage relationship and myelination potential of these different classes of OPC. Finally, we point out that, since OPCs are the main proliferating cell type in the mature brain, the discovery that they can develop into neurons raises the question of whether more neurons are generated in the mature brain from the classical sites of neurogenesis in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and the hippocampal dentate gyrus or from the far more widely distributed OPCs.Keywords: Myelin, OPC, NG2, stem cell, neuron I N T R O D U C T I O NOligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) transform into myelinating oligodendrocytes during development (Nishiyama et al., 2002), but are also present in the adult CNS where they comprise 5% of the cells and are the main proliferating cell type (Horner et al., 2000;Stallcup, 2002; Dawson et al., 2003). Damage to oligodendrocyte precursors, leading to reduced myelination, contributes to mental and physical impairment in periventricular leukomalacia (pre-or perinatal white matter injury leading to cerebral palsy; Volpe, 2001). Adult OPCs may form new myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis, and in brain or spinal cord injury (Levine, 1994;Gensert and Goldman, 1997;Keirstead et al., 1998;McTigue et al., 2001;Levine et al., 2001;Horner et al., 2002), and OPC transplants could serve as a basis for therapeutic remyelination (Windrem et al., 2008;Moreno-Manzano et al., 2009). This article will focus on the electrical signalling properties of OPCs which, as we will describe below, may play a crucial role in their development and their myelination of axons. D E F I N I N G O P C sIn the next section we will review several papers suggesting that OPCs are not a homogenous set of cells, but fall into at least two classes. To establish the range of properties of OPCs, it is essential to have criteria to define which cells are OPCs; so we will preface our review by examining the techniques available for doing this, and their advantages and pitfalls.Classically, OPCs have been defined antigenically, both in culture and in situ, by their expression of the proteoglycan NG2 (Nishiyama et al., 1996), the growth factor recept...

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Astrocytes Promote Myelination in Response to Electrical Impulses

Cited by 590 publications

References 34 publications

Activity-dependent neuron–glial signaling by ATP and leukemia-inhibitory factor promotes hippocampal glial cell development

Activity-dependent neuron–glial signaling by ATP and leukemia-inhibitory factor promotes hippocampal glial cell development

A new approach to corpus callosum anomalies in idiopathic scoliosis using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging

Electrical signalling properties of oligodendrocyte precursor cells

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