Astrocytes play a major role in the control of neuronal proliferation in vitro

Sivron, Tomer; Eitan, Shoshana; Schreyer, David J.; Schwartz, Michal

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)91321-i

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Since glial processes tightly ensheath synaptic areas (Aoki, 1992;Hama et al, 1994), the presynaptic released glutamate could activate both neuronal as well as glial receptors. The observation that the properties of glial cells undergo characteristic changes during maturation hints at their involvement in complex processes such as regulation of neurite outgrowth (Le Roux and Reh, 1995), proliferation (Sivron et al, 1993), and synaptogenesis (Rouget et al, 1993). The ''complex'' cells are most frequently met early in the postnatal development of grey matter, just when synaptogenesis is high (Murakami et al, 1992;Steward and Falk, 1991) but are down-regulated with increasing age (Chvatal et al, 1995;Kressin et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Analysis of ion channel expression by astrocytes in red nucleus brain stem slices of the rat

Akopian

Kuprijanova

Kressin

et al. 1997

Glia

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Analysis of ion channel expression by astrocytes in red nucleus brain stem slices of the rat

Akopian

Kuprijanova

Kressin

et al. 1997

Glia

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“…There is growing consensus that the production of these factors by cells from the target region(s) conforms a gradient that serves as a guidance mechanism for axons to find their synaptic destination. The modulatory effect of glial cells on neuronal proliferation and differentiation is far from simple (Sivron et al, 1993), and this relationship is influenced by steroids (for review, see Garcia-Segura et al, 1994a,b); indeed, Toran-Allerand et al (1988, 1991 have proposed that E2 may act synergistically with trophic factors to induce neurite growth. It is important to keep in mind that in our experiments, glial cells were obtained from fetuses at term (E21), which therefore had been differentially exposed to steroids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuritogenic effect of estradiol on rat ventromedial hypothalamic neurons co‐cultured with homotopic or heterotopic glia

Cambiasso

Díaz

Cáceres

et al. 1995

J of Neuroscience Research

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In sexually segregated cultures of dissociated neurons taken from ventromedial hypothalamus of rat fetuses at embryonic day 16 (E16), it is demonstrated that only neurons from males respond with increased axonal growth to the addition of 17-beta-estradiol 100 nM (E2) to the culture medium. Moreover, this response is contingent upon co-culture with heterotopic glia from a target region (amygdala), whereas in the presence of homotopic glia or in cultures without glia, E2 has no effect. It is concluded that before neurons are exposed to gonadal steroids in utero there is a sexual difference in the response to E2, probably explained by earlier maturation of neurons from males as compared to females. The possibility that the observed axogenic effect may be the consequence of an interaction among E2, cells equipped with specific receptors, and glia-producing trophic factors is discussed.

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“…1997). Glial cells promote neuronal proliferation and synaptogenesis (Sivron et al . 1993), and are involved in neurite outgrowth (Le Roux & Reh, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the fact that TLE is often accompanied by reactive gliosis (Wolf et al, 1993;De Lanerolle et al, 1994;Represa et al, 1995), only a small amount of information is available on the speci®c role of glial cells in epilepsy (Schef¯er et al, 1997). Glial cells promote neuronal proliferation and synaptogenesis (Sivron et al, 1993), and are involved in neurite outgrowth (Le Roux & Reh, 1995). Moreover, it has been shown that astrocytes express a repertoire of channels, receptors and transporters which enable them to communicate with neurons and to maintain the homeostasis in the extracellular space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrocytes in the hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy display changes in potassium conductances

Hinterkeuser¹,

Schröder²,

Hager

et al. 2000

Eur J of Neuroscience

254

186

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Functional properties of astrocytes were investigated with the patch-clamp technique in acute hippocampal brain slices obtained from surgical specimens of patients suffering from pharmaco-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). In patients with significant neuronal cell loss, i.e. Ammon's horn sclerosis, the glial current patterns resembled properties characteristic of immature astrocytes in the murine or rat hippocampus. Depolarizing voltage steps activated delayed rectifier and transient K+ currents as well as tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na+ currents in all astrocytes analysed in the sclerotic human tissue. Hyperpolarizing voltages elicited inward rectifier currents that inactivated at membrane potentials negative to -130 mV. Comparative recordings were performed in astrocytes from patients with lesion-associated TLE that lacked significant histopathological hippocampal alterations. These cells displayed stronger inward rectification. To obtain a quantitative measure, current densities were calculated and the ratio of inward to outward K+ conductances was determined. Both values were significantly smaller in astrocytes from the sclerotic group compared with lesion-associated TLE. During normal development of rodent brain, astroglial inward rectification gradually increases. It thus appears reasonable to suggest that astrocytes in human sclerotic tissue return to an immature current pattern. Reduced astroglial inward rectification in conjunction with seizure-induced shrinkage of the extracellular space may lead to impaired spatial K+ buffering. This will result in stronger and prolonged depolarization of glial cells and neurons in response to activity-dependent K+ release, and may thus contribute to seizure generation in this particular condition of human TLE.

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Astrocytes play a major role in the control of neuronal proliferation in vitro

Cited by 24 publications

References 24 publications

Analysis of ion channel expression by astrocytes in red nucleus brain stem slices of the rat

Analysis of ion channel expression by astrocytes in red nucleus brain stem slices of the rat

Neuritogenic effect of estradiol on rat ventromedial hypothalamic neurons co‐cultured with homotopic or heterotopic glia

Astrocytes in the hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy display changes in potassium conductances

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