Astrocyte Reprogramming in Stroke: Opportunities and Challenges

Peng, Zhouzhou; Lü, Hui; Yang, Qingwu; Xie, Qi

doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.885707

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Third, somatic cells do not undergo the intermediate step of pluripotent stem cells or neural stem cells but direct reprogramming to specific neuronal subtypes. Overexpressing proneural transcription factors in astrocytes or applying exogenous factors can generate adult neurons without the need to induce pluripotent or neural stem cells [ 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]. During direct reprogramming, cells enter a transient pluripotent stage in which several neurogenesis-related genes are upregulated to complete the conversion into neurons [ 64 ].…”

Section: Mature Somatic Cells Reprogram Into Neurons Through Differen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic Cell Reprogramming for Nervous System Diseases: Techniques, Mechanisms, Potential Applications, and Challenges

et al. 2023

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Nervous system diseases present significant challenges to the neuroscience community due to ethical and practical constraints that limit access to appropriate research materials. Somatic cell reprogramming has been proposed as a novel way to obtain neurons. Various emerging techniques have been used to reprogram mature and differentiated cells into neurons. This review provides an overview of somatic cell reprogramming for neurological research and therapy, focusing on neural reprogramming and generating different neural cell types. We examine the mechanisms involved in reprogramming and the challenges that arise. We herein summarize cell reprogramming strategies to generate neurons, including transcription factors, small molecules, and microRNAs, with a focus on different types of cells.. While reprogramming somatic cells into neurons holds the potential for understanding neurological diseases and developing therapeutic applications, its limitations and risks must be carefully considered. Here, we highlight the potential benefits of somatic cell reprogramming for neurological disease research and therapy. This review contributes to the field by providing a comprehensive overview of the various techniques used to generate neurons by cellular reprogramming and discussing their potential applications.

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Section: Mature Somatic Cells Reprogram Into Neurons Through Differen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic Cell Reprogramming for Nervous System Diseases: Techniques, Mechanisms, Potential Applications, and Challenges

et al. 2023

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“…In order to induce functional tissue repair following focal ischemic stroke or traumatic brain injury in mice, native cells like astrocytes can be reprogrammed in vivo into NSCs or neurons via de- or trans-differentiation, respectively ( Ma et al, 2021 ; Peng et al, 2022 ). Astrocytes tend to proliferate and populate penumbral tissue encompassing the lesion or infarct site, which makes them the ideal target for such strategies.…”

Section: Nsc-based Approaches Are Promising But Significant Challenge...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-administration of extracellular matrix-based biomaterials with neural stem cell transplantation for treatment of central nervous system injury

Damle,

Morrison,

Cioma

et al. 2023

Front. Neurosci.

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Injuries and disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) present a particularly difficult challenge for modern medicine to address, given the complex nature of the tissues, obstacles in researching and implementing therapies, and barriers to translating efficacious treatments into human patients. Recent advancements in neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation, endogenous neurogenesis, and in vivo reprogramming of non-neural cells into the neuronal lineage represent multiple approaches to resolving CNS injury. However, we propose that one practice that must be incorporated universally in neuroregeneration studies is the use of extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking biomaterials to supply the architectural support and cellular microenvironment necessary for partial or complete restoration of function. Through consideration of developmental processes including neurogenesis, cellular migration, and establishment of functional connectivity, as well as evaluation of process-specific interactions between cells and ECM components, insights can be gained to harness and modulate native and induced neurobiological processes to promote CNS tissue repair. Further, evaluation of the current landscape of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering techniques external to the neurosciences provides key perspectives into the role of the ECM in the use of stem cell-based therapies, and the potential directions future neuroregenerative approaches may take. If the most successful of these approaches achieve wide-spread adoption, innovative paired NSC-ECM strategies for neuroregeneration may become prominent in the near future, and with the rapid advances these techniques are poised to herald, a new era of treatment for CNS injury may dawn.

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“…Astrocyte reprogramming has attracted much attention recently and is considered a promising strategy for replacing dead neurons following brain injury (Jiang et al., 2021). Astrocytes and neurons originate from the same progenitor cells, and mounting evidence suggests the feasibility of astrocyte reprogramming into neurons using specific TFs or microRNAs (Peng et al., 2022). Expression of the TF NeuroD1 in mouse brain following stroke using an AAV reprogrammed astrocytes to neurons, leading to improvement in motor and cognitive function (Chen, Ma et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrocytes in functional recovery following central nervous system injuries

Alhadidi,

Bahader,

Arvola

et al. 2023

The Journal of Physiology

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Astrocytes are increasingly recognised as partaking in complex homeostatic mechanisms critical for regulating neuronal plasticity following central nervous system (CNS) insults. Ischaemic stroke and traumatic brain injury are associated with high rates of disability and mortality. Depending on the context and type of injury, reactive astrocytes respond with diverse morphological, proliferative and functional changes collectively known as astrogliosis, which results in both pathogenic and protective effects. There is a large body of research on the negative consequences of astrogliosis following brain injuries. There is also growing interest in how astrogliosis might in some contexts be protective and help to limit the spread of the injury. However, little is known about how astrocytes contribute to the chronic functional recovery phase following traumatic and ischaemic brain insults. In this review, we explore the protective functions of astrocytes in various aspects of secondary brain injury such as oedema, inflammation and blood–brain barrier dysfunction. We also discuss the current knowledge on astrocyte contribution to tissue regeneration, including angiogenesis, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, dendrogenesis and axogenesis. Finally, we discuss diverse astrocyte‐related factors that, if selectively targeted, could form the basis of astrocyte‐targeted therapeutic strategies to better address currently untreatable CNS disorders. image

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Astrocyte Reprogramming in Stroke: Opportunities and Challenges

Cited by 6 publications

References 74 publications

Somatic Cell Reprogramming for Nervous System Diseases: Techniques, Mechanisms, Potential Applications, and Challenges

Somatic Cell Reprogramming for Nervous System Diseases: Techniques, Mechanisms, Potential Applications, and Challenges

Co-administration of extracellular matrix-based biomaterials with neural stem cell transplantation for treatment of central nervous system injury

Astrocytes in functional recovery following central nervous system injuries

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