Asthma: Clinical Aspects and Mucosal Immunology

Inhibition of airway eosinophilia and pulmonary pathology in a mouse model of allergic asthma by the live vaccine strain of Francisella tularensis

“…In this regard, CFSE did not significantly alter the local mRNA expression and production of IL-4, another key Th2 cytokine that mediates important pro-inflammatory functions in asthma [40]. IL-4 induces Ig isotype switching from IgM to IgE in B cells and induces Th2 cell differentiation and up-regulates low-affinity IgE receptors (FcRII, CD 23) [40]. Although most of these Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) share many of their biological functions, there are subtle differences in the regulation of host immune responses among these cytokines [33,40].…”

“…The most likely explanation for this is that cytokines other than IL-5 and IL-13 are sufficient to maintain serum levels of these antibodies. In this regard, CFSE did not significantly alter the local mRNA expression and production of IL-4, another key Th2 cytokine that mediates important pro-inflammatory functions in asthma [40]. IL-4 induces Ig isotype switching from IgM to IgE in B cells and induces Th2 cell differentiation and up-regulates low-affinity IgE receptors (FcRII, CD 23) [40].…”

“…Although most of these Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) share many of their biological functions, there are subtle differences in the regulation of host immune responses among these cytokines [33,40]. For example, IL-13 is the most widely produced cytokine in allergic inflammatory tissues and IL-5 is the most important eosinophilopoetic cytokine whereas IL-4 plays the most significant role in the induction of IgE production [40]. IL-4 À / À mice fail to develop detectable IgG1 or IgE in the serum following anti-IgD treatment or infection with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, both potent inducers of IgG1 and IgE responses [41].…”

“…IL-4 induces Ig isotype switching from IgM to IgE in B cells and induces Th2 cell differentiation and up-regulates low-affinity IgE receptors (FcRII, CD 23) [40]. Although most of these Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) share many of their biological functions, there are subtle differences in the regulation of host immune responses among these cytokines [33,40]. For example, IL-13 is the most widely produced cytokine in allergic inflammatory tissues and IL-5 is the most important eosinophilopoetic cytokine whereas IL-4 plays the most significant role in the induction of IgE production [40].…”

Asthma Severity and Environmental Health Risk Factor among Asthmatic Primary School Children in the Selected Areas

“…This condition is due to the inflammation of the air passages in the lungs and subsequently affects the sensitivity of the nerve endings in the airways and easily become irritated. In susceptible individuals, this inflammation causes recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and cough particularly at night and early in the morning (Johnston and Holgate, 2008;Haitchi et al, 2004;Bosquet et al, 2000).…”