Asthma and high-intensity interval training have no effect on clustered cardiometabolic risk or arterial stiffness in adolescents

Abstract

Purpose Cardiometabolic risk, including arterial stiffness, is increasing in youth. Those with asthma are suggested to be particularly at risk of cardiovascular disease. Efficient and effective strategies are required to prevent the atherosclerotic process in youth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 months high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiometabolic risk in youth with and without asthma. Methods 65 adolescents (31 mild asthma; 34 non-asthma) were recruited, 32 (16 asthma) of whom were randomly allocated to receive HIIT three times per week for 6 months. At baseline, mid-intervention, post-intervention and at a 3-month follow-up, anthropometric, metabolic and vascular determinants of cardiometabolic risk were assessed. Following principal component analysis (PCA), linear mixed models were used to assess the influence of asthma, HIIT and their interaction. Results Seven factors were identified which explained 88% of the common variance shared among the parameters. Those with asthma demonstrated lower arterial stiffness factor scores mid-intervention (P = 0.047) and lower cholesterol factor scores post-intervention (P = 0.022) but there was no effect of the intervention, or interaction effects, on any PCA-identified factor, at any time-point. HIIT was associated with a lower low-density lipoprotein and diastolic blood pressure at mid-intervention. Discussion Neither arterial stiffness nor clustered cardiometabolic risk are influenced by HIIT in adolescents with or without asthma, despite important changes in blood lipid and pressure profiles. Blood pressure, augmentation and pulse wave velocity should be considered physiologically distinct constructs and as potential markers of cardiovascular health.

Comparative effectiveness of different types of exercise in reducing arterial stiffness in children and adolescents: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

“…From the 2414 articles identified in the systematic literature search, 14 studies48–61 (1003 participants) were finally included in this NMA (figure 1). We summarised included studies characteristics in online supplemental table S1.…”

“…Regarding the PWV measurement procedures, nine studies reported central PWV measurements, six of them of aortic PWV (aPWV)49 50 56–59 and three of them of cfPWV,55 60 61 while the other five studies reported a peripheral PWV measurement, brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) 48 51–54…”

“…As evaluated at the study level by the RoB2, one study60 was assessed as having a low risk of bias, eight48 51 54–57 59 61 as having some concerns and four50 52 53 58 as having a high risk of bias (online supplemental figure S2). Most studies had a low risk of bias for random sequence generation, deviations from intended intervention and missing outcome data.…”

Sports Training to Detect the Heart Rate and Body Temperature of Adolescents

“…Heart rate refers to the regular pulsation of the arterial blood vessel wall with the contraction and relaxation of the heart, it is a commonly used measurement index in sports practice. 8 For every 1°C increase in body temperature, the heart rate can be increased by 12-18 beats per minute. 9 Exercise in a hot environment, the body's heat dissipation cannot offset the large amount of heat generation, increase the central temperature, the heart rate is higher at the same exercise intensity than at room temperature, the difference can reach 10 times/min, therefore, the excessively high evaluation of exercise intensity also reflects that the exercise intensity of exercise in a hot environment is lower than the exercise intensity in a normal temperature environment, forcibly requiring students to reach the exercise intensity of normal temperature exercise in a hot environment can easily cause sports injuries or fever.…”

High-Intensity Multimodal Training for Young People: It's Time to Think Inside the Box!

“…Previous studies suggested that young people naturally engage in intermittent activities (Bailey et al, 1995) and high intensity activities might be particularly beneficial to improve cardiorespiratory fitness (Baquet et al, 2003;Costigan et al, 2015), mental health (Leahy et al, 2020), body composition (Costigan et al, 2015;D et al, 2019) cardiovascular risk and metabolic health (Cooper et al, 2016;García-Hermoso et al, 2016;MA et al, 2021) in children and adolescents.…”