Asthma and air pollutants: a time series study

Exposure to fine particulate matter and hospital admissions due to pneumonia: Effects on the number of hospital admissions and its costs

“…Recent studies conducted in large and medium-sized cities in Brazil show that exposure to these pollutants is associated with hospitalizations for RD. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] These pollutants are often quantified by metering stations maintained by state environmental agencies. However, not all states have environmental agencies and, even when they do, the metering stations do not quantify all pollutants.…”

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“…Moreover, Moura et al (2008) found no association between levels of PM 10 and acute respiratory disorders in children in a study conducted in Rio de Janeiro. In a study conducted in medium-sized city, exposure to PM 10 was associated with hospitalizations for asthma on same day of exposure and with lags of two and three days of exposure (Amâncio e Nascimento, 2012) Even within acceptable levels for most of the period, air pollution, especially PM 10 and NO 2 , was associated with decreased lung function in children living in Rio de Janeiro (Castro et al, 2009). In a study conducted in Ribeirão Preto, exposure to PM 10 was associated with greater number of inhalation and nebulization procedures , but the authors point out that these findings should be treated with caution in view of possible confounding factors (Carneseca et al, 2012).…”

“…(American Thoracic Society, 1996) Thus, exposure to air pollutants is recognized as an important risk factor for the occurrence of hospitalizations in children (Amâncio e Nascimento, 2012;Nascimento et al, 2006) school absenteeism (Park et al, 2002), and also for low birth weight (Nascimento e Moreira, 2009) Among the pollutants associated with these outcomes, we highlight sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), ozone (O 3 ) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 micra (PM 10 ). Sulfur dioxide is a known respiratory irritant absorbed in the upper airway and deposited in the inferior airway and in the lung parenchyma (American Thoracic Society, 1996).…”

“…Particulate matter, originating mainly from burning fossil fuels, may have a half-life of a few days to years. It is associated with increased symptoms and respiratory diseases in children and an increase and worsening of asthma symptoms (Amâncio e Nascimento, 2012;Nascimento et al, 2006;Moura et al, 2009;Jasinski et al, 2011).…”

The Association Between Residential Proximity to A Major Roadway and the Prevalence of Environmentally Influenced Conditions

“…A study conducted in the city of Sao Jose dos Campos, Paraiba Valley demonstrated a significant relationship between air pollutants and an increased number of asthma related hospitalizations among children up to 10 years of age [8]. Toledo et al implemented a cross-sectional study of adolescents in order to evaluate the temporal trends in the prevalence of asthma, rhinitis, and eczema in adolescents who live in Taubate, Brazil.…”