Challenging previously conceived exposure-disease relationships, recent literature has elucidated new avenues in the complex interplay between immunologically active exposures and their effects on inner-city asthma. These findings, and improved understanding of other relevant exposures, could steer the direction of primary (and secondary) disease prevention research. Moreover, careful identification of asthma characteristics has effectively established predictors of exacerbations, highlighting individuals for which additional therapies are warranted and for whom such treatments are most likely to be effective.