Aster repulsion drives short-ranged ordering in the <i>Drosophila</i> syncytial blastoderm

de-Carvalho, Jorge; Tlili, Sham; Hufnagel, Lars; Saunders, Timothy E.; Telley, Ivo A.

doi:10.1242/dev.199997

Cited by 20 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, the inefficient separation led to a lower nuclear ordering in the subsequent interphase. In our control experiments, UbcH10-arrest/release approach is able to reproduce the non-sibling internuclear distance recently reported for this division cycle (cycle 11) (de-Carvalho et al 2022). In contrast, upon ER disruption, sibling nuclear distance was shorter and the distances between non-sibling nuclei were longer when compared to the control condition (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Endoplasmic Reticulum membranes are continuously required to maintain mitotic spindle size and forces

Araújo

Tavares

Vieira

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Membrane organelle function, localization, and proper partitioning upon cell division depend on interactions with the cytoskeleton. Whether, reciprocally, membrane organelles also impact on the function of cytoskeletal elements remains less clear. Here, we show that acute disruption of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) around spindle poles affects mitotic spindle size and function in Drosophila syncytial embryos. Acute ER disruption was achieved through the inhibition of ER membrane fusion by the dominant-negative cytoplasmic domain of Atlastin. We reveal that when the ER is disrupted specifically at metaphase, mitotic spindles become smaller, despite no significant changes in microtubule dynamics. These smaller spindles are still able to mediate sister chromatid separation, yet with decreased velocity. Furthermore, by inducing mitotic exit, we found that nuclear separation and distribution are affected upon ER disruption. Our results suggest that ER integrity around spindle poles is crucial for the maintenance of mitotic spindle shape and pulling forces. Additionally, ER integrity also ensures nuclear spacing during syncytial divisions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Our previous work has revealed that the spindle pole MTOC plays a crucial role in daughter nuclei separation and nuclear spacing in the syncytial embryo (Telley et al 2012; de-Carvalho et al 2022). Having observed spindle pole detachment upon cyATL injection (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoplasmic Reticulum membranes are continuously required to maintain mitotic spindle size and forces

Araújo

Tavares

Vieira

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…Furthermore, the inefficient separation led to a lower nuclear ordering in the subsequent interphase. In our control experiments, the UbcH10-arrest/release approach is able to reproduce the non-sibling internuclear distance recently reported for this division cycle (cycle 11) ( de-Carvalho et al, 2022 ). In contrast, upon ER disruption, sibling nuclear distance was shorter and the distances between non-sibling nuclei were longer when compared with the control condition ( Fig 5K and L ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Our previous work has revealed that the spindle pole MTOC plays a crucial role in daughter nuclei separation and nuclear spacing in the syncytial embryo ( Telley et al, 2012 ; de-Carvalho et al, 2022 ). Having observed spindle pole detachment upon cyATL injection ( Fig 4 ), we next aimed to probe nuclear separation after disruption of the ER in embryos undergoing the changes characteristic of a normal mitotic exit.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoplasmic reticulum membranes are continuously required to maintain mitotic spindle size and forces

et al. 2022

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Membrane organelle function, localization, and proper partitioning upon cell division depend on interactions with the cytoskeleton. Whether membrane organelles also impact the function of cytoskeletal elements remains less clear. Here, we show that acute disruption of the ER around spindle poles affects mitotic spindle size and function inDrosophilasyncytial embryos. Acute ER disruption was achieved through the inhibition of ER membrane fusion by the dominant-negative cytoplasmic domain of atlastin. We reveal that when centrosome-proximal ER membranes are disrupted, specifically at metaphase, mitotic spindles become smaller, despite no significant changes in microtubule dynamics. These smaller spindles are still able to mediate sister chromatid separation, yet with decreased velocity. Furthermore, by inducing mitotic exit, we found that nuclear separation and distribution are affected by ER disruption. Our results suggest that ER integrity around spindle poles is crucial for the maintenance of mitotic spindle shape and pulling forces. In addition, ER integrity also ensures nuclear spacing during syncytial divisions.

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“…The laser ablation system used in this study was described elsewhere (de-Carvalho et al, 2022). Follicle cells were ablated using circular ablation (60 px diameter, 5 px step size) and 50% laser power.…”

Section: Laser Ablationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Follicle cell contact maintains main body axis polarity in theDrosophila melanogasteroocyte

Milas

de-Carvalho

Telley

2022

Preprint

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In Drosophila melanogaster the anterior-posterior body axis is maternally established and governed by differential localisation of partitioning defective (Par) proteins within the oocyte. At mid-oogenesis, Par-1 accumulates at the posterior end of the oocyte while Par-3/Bazooka is excluded there but maintains its localisation along the remaining oocyte cortex. This mutual exclusion leads to a polarised microtubule network and accumulation of posterior determinant oskar later in oogenesis. Reciprocal biochemical interactions between Par proteins can explain their cortical exclusion and domain formation – for example, Par-1 excludes Par-3 by phosphorylation. However, past studies have proposed the need for somatic cells at the posterior end to initiate oocyte polarization by providing a trigger signal. To date, despite modern screening approaches and genetic manipulation, neither the molecular identity nor the nature of the signal is known. Here, we provide the first evidence that mechanical contact of posterior follicle cells with the oocyte cortex causes the posterior exclusion of Bazooka and maintains oocyte polarity. We show that Bazooka prematurely accumulates exclusively where posterior follicle cells have been mechanically detached or ablated. This occurs before Par-1 is removed suggesting that phosphorylation of Bazooka by Par-1 is not sufficient to maintain Bazooka exclusion. Furthermore, we provide evidence that posterior follicle cell contact maintains Par-1 localisation and microtubule cytoskeleton polarity in the oocyte. Our observations suggest that cell-cell contact mechanics modulates Par protein binding sites at the oocyte cortex.

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Aster repulsion drives short-ranged ordering in the Drosophila syncytial blastoderm

Cited by 20 publications

References 76 publications

Endoplasmic Reticulum membranes are continuously required to maintain mitotic spindle size and forces

Endoplasmic Reticulum membranes are continuously required to maintain mitotic spindle size and forces

Endoplasmic reticulum membranes are continuously required to maintain mitotic spindle size and forces

Follicle cell contact maintains main body axis polarity in theDrosophila melanogasteroocyte

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