Astaxanthin bioaccumulation in microalgae under environmental stress simulated in industrial effluents highlighting prospects of Haematococcus pluvialis: knowledge gaps and prospective approaches

Sirotiya, Vandana; Ahirwar, Ashok Kumar; Mourya, Megha; Khan, Mohd Jahir; Rai, Anshuman; Kwatra, Rajeev; Sharma, Anil Kumar; Harish,; Schoefs, Benoı̂t; Marchand, Justine; Varjani, Sunita; Vinayak, Vandana

doi:10.1007/s11101-022-09807-2

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 214 publications

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“…The effect of carotenogenesis depends upon environmental factors such as temperature and light [ 77 ]. Optimum temperature promotes growth of cells, while light enhances cell multiplication during the juvenile stage of cells, and high light favours astaxanthin production in Haematococcus lacustris [ 49 ].…”

Section: Cultivation and Accumulation Of Astaxanthin In Hae...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Astaxanthin as a King of Ketocarotenoids: Structure, Synthesis, Accumulation, Bioavailability and Antioxidant Properties

et al. 2023

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Astaxanthin (3,3-dihydroxy-β, β-carotene-4,4-dione) is a ketocarotenoid synthesized by Haematococcus pluvialis/lacustris, Chromochloris zofingiensis, Chlorococcum, Bracteacoccus aggregatus, Coelastrella rubescence, Phaffia rhodozyma, some bacteria (Paracoccus carotinifaciens), yeasts, and lobsters, among others However, it is majorly synthesized by Haematococcus lacustris alone (about 4%). The richness of natural astaxanthin over synthetic astaxanthin has drawn the attention of industrialists to cultivate and extract it via two stage cultivation process. However, the cultivation in photobioreactors is expensive, and converting it in soluble form so that it can be easily assimilated by our digestive system requires downstream processing techniques which are not cost-effective. This has made the cost of astaxanthin expensive, prompting pharmaceutical and nutraceutical companies to switch over to synthetic astaxanthin. This review discusses the chemical character of astaxanthin, more inexpensive cultivating techniques, and its bioavailability. Additionally, the antioxidant character of this microalgal product against many diseases is discussed, which can make this natural compound an excellent drug to minimize inflammation and its consequences.

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Section: Cultivation and Accumulation Of Astaxanthin In Hae...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Astaxanthin as a King of Ketocarotenoids: Structure, Synthesis, Accumulation, Bioavailability and Antioxidant Properties

et al. 2023

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“…The life cycle of this unicellular microalga includes a green vegetative stage and a red cyst stage. Astaxanthin accumulation occurs exclusively during the red cyst stage as a protective response to environmental stresses, resulting in extended production times [37].…”

Section: Algal Production Of Astaxanthinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment of Bacterial, Algal, and Synthetic Approaches for Astaxanthin Production at a Laboratory Scale: Comparative Environmental Analysis and Sensitivity of Energy Sources

Aldaghi,

Ubais,

Schmitt

et al. 2023

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Astaxanthin, a highly valuable natural pigment with potent antioxidant properties, is widely used in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The demand for astaxanthin has led to the development of multiple production methods, including algal, bacterial, and synthetic approaches. Understanding the environmental implications of these production processes is crucial for sustainable decision-making in the astaxanthin industry. This research paper presents a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) comparing the environmental impacts of algal, bacterial, and synthetic astaxanthin production methods. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is conducted, focusing on the source of energy used during production, and the shift from conventional to renewable energy sources is explored. The environmental importance of natural astaxanthin production is highlighted, considering the potential benefits of reducing dependence on synthetic production methods that rely on non-renewable resources. The results of the LCA, for the production of 1 g astaxanthin, reveal the relative environmental performance of each production process, identifying hotspots and potential areas for improvement. On average, the environmental impacts indicate that chemical synthesis is the best solution for the production of the pigment, followed by the bacterial extraction process and lastly by algae extraction. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis demonstrates the significant influence of energy sources on the overall environmental footprint. Shifting towards renewable energy sources presents an opportunity for mitigating environmental impacts and enhancing the sustainability of astaxanthin production.

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“…10 Among these environmental factors, light has been acknowledged as an essential factor for microalgal growth as it is one of the key aspects that regulate the quantity of accessible energy for photosynthesis and its impact on growth. 10,11 Microalgae have emitted adaptable techniques in reaction to a strong light environment. 12 There are many statements on the combined effects of high light intensity on biomass production and biomass composition; thus, it is essential to evaluate the interactive outcome of light on the growth and biochemical composition of microalgae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the biochemical growth of Haematococcus pluvialis by mitigation of broad-spectrum light stress in wastewater cultures

et al. 2023

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Astaxanthin bioaccumulation in microalgae under environmental stress simulated in industrial effluents highlighting prospects of Haematococcus pluvialis: knowledge gaps and prospective approaches

Cited by 16 publications

References 214 publications

Astaxanthin as a King of Ketocarotenoids: Structure, Synthesis, Accumulation, Bioavailability and Antioxidant Properties

Astaxanthin as a King of Ketocarotenoids: Structure, Synthesis, Accumulation, Bioavailability and Antioxidant Properties

Life Cycle Assessment of Bacterial, Algal, and Synthetic Approaches for Astaxanthin Production at a Laboratory Scale: Comparative Environmental Analysis and Sensitivity of Energy Sources

Enhancing the biochemical growth of Haematococcus pluvialis by mitigation of broad-spectrum light stress in wastewater cultures

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