Assuring Seed Quality for Seedling Production: Cone Collection and Seed Processing, Testing, Storage, and Stratification

Tanaka, Yasuomi

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-6110-4_4

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Presowing treatments to speed germination are discussed in detail by several authors (Bonner et al 1974, Tanaka 1984. Typically, prechilling is done after an 8 to 24 hour period of moisture imbibition.…”

Section: Seed Dormancy and Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

How seed orchard culture affects seed quality: Experience with the southern pines

Barnett¹

1996

The Forestry Chronicle

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Tree improvement programs have influenced significantlyLes programmes d'arnelioration genetique ont eu une influence the quality of southern pine seeds produced when compared to significative sur la qualite des semences de pins du sud lorsqu'on collections from native stands. Seed orchard management pracles compare aux semences recueillies dans les peuplements tices such as fertilization can increase seed size and reduce seed naturels. Les pratiques d'amenagement des vergers a graines telle dormancy. These result in the need for less complex pregermila fertilisation peuvent auxoitre les &mensions de la graine et rduire nation treatments. Repeated cone collections from the same la dormance. En condquence, il est moins necessaire de recourir clones facilitate collections according to ripening (cone specific a des traitements complexes de prC-germination. Les cueillettes gravity), which can improve seed gemination and storage.rkpetees des cbnes sur les mdmes clones facilitent les recoltes de However, cultural practices may result in seed properties that are P i n e s pour ce qui est de la maturite (poids sptcifique des more sensitive to damage during processing procedures and cbnes), ce qui peut ameliorer la gemination et l'entre~Osage. result in lower quality unless special care is provided during this Toutefois, les pratiques de production peuvent modifier les prostage of handling. The effect of orchard management practices ~rietes des ~eInences en l e~ rendant plus susceptibles d'6he endommager lors de la manipulation et entrainer une baisse de on seed quality also varies by species, with loblolly pine being la qualit6 mains qu,une attention speciale n,y soit au less affected than longleaf pine.cours de la manipulation. L'effet des pratiques d'amenagement des vergers sur la qualite des semences vane selon I'espece

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Section: Seed Dormancy and Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

How seed orchard culture affects seed quality: Experience with the southern pines

Barnett¹

1996

The Forestry Chronicle

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“…In large commercial bare-root nurseries, sowing operations are often delayed. Consequently there is a risk that the seeds will germinate before sowing, or they get damaged during sowing operations (Tanaka 1984, Jensen 1997a). However, chilling at a lower seed moisture content (MC) level than the FI state may be preferable because it greatly reduces the risk of premature germination, and in some cases increases germination after pretreatment (Gosling et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed moisture content during chilling and heat stress effects after chilling on the germination of common alder and downy birch seeds

O'Reilly¹,

Atrip²

2007

Silva Fenn.

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The effects of seed moisture content (MC) and heat treatment on the germination response of common alder (Alnus glutinosa) and downy birch (Betula pubescens) seeds were examined. Seeds of each species were adjusted to MC of 7% to 50% MC, then chilled for up to 36 weeks, after which they were allowed to germinate at 15°C with 8 hours lighting per day or 20 (dark)/ 30°C (light). Seed lot effects were evident, but treatment effects were consistent in each lot and species. The response to moist chilling treatments was larger at 15°C than at 20/30°C. Chilling had no effect on germination unless seed MC was >15%, but it was low also at 20% MC. The highest germination was achieved following 24-36 weeks chilling at the optimum or target MC (TMC) levels of about 30% in alder and 35% in birch. In a separate experiment, seeds were fully imbibed (FI) (~50% MC; standard method used in operational practice) or adjusted to TMC levels, after which some seeds of each treatment group were chilled to release dormancy. Following this, the seeds were dried back to TMC levels and then subjected to 60°C for up to 4 hours after which they were allowed germinate under the same conditions described above. Heat treatment damaged the prechilled FI seeds, but no damage occurred to the non-chilled seeds. However, heat stress stimulated germination in the non-chilled FI seeds of both species and the TMC seeds of alder.

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“…The TTC used was ''TTC sterile solution 1%, Scharlau Microbiology''. In this method, living cells stain red as the tetrazolium is reduced by dehydrogenase enzymes to form a stable red triphenyl formazan, which is insoluble in water (Tanaka 1984). To avoid any physical dormancy caused by the seminal cover (Cantos et al 1998), the embryos were tested in a completely bare condition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This process was followed to avoid false results in the viability test, because juniper embryos exhibit physiological dormancy, as they are unable to develop a radicle due to an inhibition mechanism (Baskin and Baskin 1998). Next, embryos were cut and immersed in 2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride solution (hereafter TTC) diluted to 0.1% for 24 h in the dark, and at room temperature (Scharpf 1970;Tanaka 1984). The TTC used was ''TTC sterile solution 1%, Scharlau Microbiology''.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting phenology and female cone characteristics of the two Macaronesian island endemic cedars (Juniperus cedrus and J. brevifolia)

et al. 2009

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Phenology and female cone characteristics of the two endemic cedars (Juniperus cedrus and J. brevifolia) from the Macaronesian islands were studied. Despite their closely taxonomic affinity and their evolution under insular conditions, different trends were recorded. Mature J. cedrus female cones were present throughout the year, while those from J. brevifolia were only present in summer and autumn. J. cedrus female cone size was significantly larger than that of J. brevifolia, a trend consistent with the presence of larger vertebrates (lizards and birds) in the Canary Islands. However, water content was four times higher in J. brevifolia female cones, which can be related with the higher rainfall existing in the Azores. J. cedrus has two or three seeds per cone, whereas J. brevifolia frequently had three. Seeds from J. cedrus were clearly larger and heavier, coinciding with the female cone size trend. However, tetrazolium tests revealed higher viability values in J. brevifolia. The relatively low percentage of filled seeds in J. cedrus could be a consequence of the climatic stress and limits to pollination due to fragmented populations as described for other Juniperus species. In summary, our results reveal that some environmental factors such as the harsh conditions, high population fragmentation and the dependence on large dispersers have compromised the fitness of J. cedrus in the Canary Islands.

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Assuring Seed Quality for Seedling Production: Cone Collection and Seed Processing, Testing, Storage, and Stratification

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

How seed orchard culture affects seed quality: Experience with the southern pines

How seed orchard culture affects seed quality: Experience with the southern pines

Seed moisture content during chilling and heat stress effects after chilling on the germination of common alder and downy birch seeds

Contrasting phenology and female cone characteristics of the two Macaronesian island endemic cedars (Juniperus cedrus and J. brevifolia)

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