Assuring pulsation-free flow in a directly pressurized fuel delivery at a retail hydrogen station

Genovese, Matteo; Blekhman, David; Xie, Crystal; Dray, Michael; Fragiacomo, Petronilla

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.07.024

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…As depicted in Figure 2, the AOV valve is located close to the buffer tanks so that hydrogen can be drawn from or added to them. Notably, the buffer tanks in this instance are not used to smooth the flow [49] but rather as high-pressure storage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nominal weight of the tanks is 221 kg. The tanks have an allowable temperature range of −40 • C to +65 • C. Overall, these tanks have been designed and tested to meet the demanding requirements of a hydrogen refueling process without pulsations, as described elsewhere [49], and their features have been carefully chosen to ensure their safety, reliability, and performance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tanks have an allowable temperature range of −40 °C to +65 °C. Overall, these tanks have been designed and tested to meet the demanding requirements of a hydrogen refueling process without pulsations, as described elsewhere [49], and their features have been carefully chosen to ensure their safety, reliability, and performance. During a vehicle filling, it was essential to monitor the chiller cooling conditions and ensure that the initial pressure and temperature of the vehicle were nearly identical to the benchmark configurations to maintain similarity (the hydrogen chiller coil temperature and hydrogen chiller target temperature).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Experimental Comparison of Hydrogen Refueling with Directly Pressurized vs. Cascade Method

Genovese,

Blekhman,

Dray

et al. 2023

Energies

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This paper presents a comparative analysis of two hydrogen station configurations during the refueling process: the conventional “directly pressurized refueling process” and the innovative “cascade refueling process.” The objective of the cascade process is to refuel vehicles without the need for booster compressors. The experiments were conducted at the Hydrogen Research and Fueling Facility located at California State University, Los Angeles. In the cascade refueling process, the facility buffer tanks were utilized as high-pressure storage, enabling the refueling operation. Three different scenarios were tested: one involving the cascade refueling process and two involving compressor-driven refueling processes. On average, each refueling event delivered 1.6 kg of hydrogen. Although the cascade refueling process using the high-pressure buffer tanks did not achieve the pressure target, it resulted in a notable improvement in the nozzle outlet temperature trend, reducing it by approximately 8 °C. Moreover, the overall hydrogen chiller load for the two directly pressurized refuelings was 66 Wh/kg and 62 Wh/kg, respectively, whereas the cascading process only required 55 Wh/kg. This represents a 20% and 12% reduction in energy consumption compared to the scenarios involving booster compressors during fueling. The observed refueling range of 150–350 bar showed that the cascade process consistently required 12–20% less energy for hydrogen chilling. Additionally, the nozzle outlet temperature demonstrated an approximate 8 °C improvement within this pressure range. These findings indicate that further improvements can be expected in the high-pressure region, specifically above 350 bar. This research suggests the potential for significant improvements in the high-pressure range, emphasizing the viability of the cascade refueling process as a promising alternative to the direct compression approach.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Comparison of Hydrogen Refueling with Directly Pressurized vs. Cascade Method

Genovese,

Blekhman,

Dray

et al. 2023

Energies

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“…Pressure maintenance is essential for sustaining the necessary dispensing pressure. Buffer tanks play a vital role in enhancing the efficiency of the refueling process, particularly for high-pressure demands [67]. Operational efficiency is enhanced by storing hydrogen at pressures that are suitable for immediate dispensing.…”

Section: Hydrogen Storage and Hydrogen Pre-cooling Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploration of Safety Measures in Hydrogen Refueling Stations: Delving into Hydrogen Equipment and Technical Performance

Genovese,

Blekhman,

Fragiacomo

2024

Hydrogen

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The present paper offers a thorough examination of the safety measures enforced at hydrogen filling stations, emphasizing their crucial significance in the wider endeavor to advocate for hydrogen as a sustainable and reliable substitute for conventional fuels. The analysis reveals a wide range of crucial safety aspects in hydrogen refueling stations, including regulated hydrogen dispensing, leak detection, accurate hydrogen flow measurement, emergency shutdown systems, fire-suppression mechanisms, hydrogen distribution and pressure management, and appropriate hydrogen storage and cooling for secure refueling operations. The paper therefore explores several aspects, including the sophisticated architecture of hydrogen dispensers, reliable leak-detection systems, emergency shut-off mechanisms, and the implementation of fire-suppression tactics. Furthermore, it emphasizes that the safety and effectiveness of hydrogen filling stations are closely connected to the accuracy in the creation and upkeep of hydrogen dispensers. It highlights the need for materials and systems that can endure severe circumstances of elevated pressure and temperature while maintaining safety. The use of sophisticated leak-detection technology is crucial for rapidly detecting and reducing possible threats, therefore improving the overall safety of these facilities. Moreover, the research elucidates the complexities of emergency shut-off systems and fire-suppression tactics. These components are crucial not just for promptly managing hazards, but also for maintaining the station’s structural soundness in unanticipated circumstances. In addition, the study provides observations about recent technical progress in the industry. These advances effectively tackle current safety obstacles and provide the foundation for future breakthroughs in hydrogen fueling infrastructure. The integration of cutting-edge technology and materials, together with the development of upgraded safety measures, suggests a positive trajectory towards improved efficiency, dependability, and safety in hydrogen refueling stations.

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“…Ancillary power is also included, thanks to a previously developed fitting curve validated with experimental data [21]. A hydrogen station layout normally includes the presence of the first stage of compression, storage, and dispenser [22]. The model thus includes the energy evaluation of the compression process, and of the dispensing procedure.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance analysis of an on-site hydrogen facility for fuel cell trains

2020

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Fuel cell technologies and hydrogen can represent a potential and powerful enabler for replacing traditional diesel vehicles, especially in railways. In this train of thought, the present paper aims to investigate a fuel cell hybrid powertrain for a regional route. The main powertrain components are numerically modeled and the railway operations are simulated. The results achieved, in terms of power demand, efficiency and hydrogen consumption, are discussed and they are useful for properly sizing the refueling system. As a matter of fact, the train will be fueled with compressed hydrogen, produced on-site at a hydrogen central depot, where a hydrogen refueling station is thought to be installed. The hydrogen generation unit is considered to be a PEM unit, operating at 353 K and 20 bar. The produced hydrogen is then compressed by mean of a volumetric compressor and then stored in hydrogen tank type II, at 350 bar. The dispensing scheduling is based on the daily hydrogen demand required by the fuel cell-based train route, according to the railway timetable. The system is indeed investigated from a technical point of view, proving the integration of such systems to represent a clean, sustainable, and flexible option.

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Assuring pulsation-free flow in a directly pressurized fuel delivery at a retail hydrogen station

Cited by 26 publications

References 20 publications

Experimental Comparison of Hydrogen Refueling with Directly Pressurized vs. Cascade Method

Experimental Comparison of Hydrogen Refueling with Directly Pressurized vs. Cascade Method

An Exploration of Safety Measures in Hydrogen Refueling Stations: Delving into Hydrogen Equipment and Technical Performance

Performance analysis of an on-site hydrogen facility for fuel cell trains

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