Assortative Mating for Cigarette Smoking and for Alcohol Consumption in Female Australian Twins and their Spouses

Agrawal, Arpana; Heath, Andrew C.; Grant, Julia D.; Pergadia, Michele L.; Statham, Dixie J.; Bucholz, Kathleen K.; Martin, Nicholas G.; Madden, Pamela A. F.

doi:10.1007/s10519-006-9081-8

Cited by 116 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Whereas changes in genetic architecture are not tested in the present study, such changes are suggested by other work 48 and by evidence for increasing assortative mating among smokers over time. 58 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing relationships between smoking and psychiatric disorders across twentieth century birth cohorts: clinical and research implications

2016

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As the risks of tobacco use become recognized and smoking becomes stigmatized, new smokers may be increasingly driven to smoke by biological or genetic vulnerabilities rather than social desirability. Given that genetic risk for deviant proneness is shared across other psychiatric and addictive disorders, we predicted that as rates of smoking decreased through the latter half of the twentieth century, associations between smoking and psychopathology would increase. Participants (N = 25 412) from a large US study—the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, NESARC—were interviewed using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule – DSM-IV Version (AUDADIS-IV) and classified into one of five birth cohort decades (1940s to 1980s) and three smoking history (nonsmokers, never-dependent smokers and ever-dependent smokers) groups. We found that the prevalence of smoking decreased across the five birth cohorts, but associations of smoking with drug and AUDs, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder and antisocial personality disorder, each increased monotonically in more recently born cohorts, even after adjusting for concurrent demographic and socioeconomic changes. For drug and AUDs, increases were observed among smokers both with and without a history of nicotine dependence; for other outcomes, increases were entirely driven by nicotine-dependent smokers. Findings suggest that smokers in more recent cohorts have disproportionately high psychiatric vulnerability, and may benefit from greater mental health screenings. Differentiating between casual and dependent smokers may further help prioritize those at greatest risk. Researchers should also be aware of potential variation in psychiatric comorbidity based on cohort of birth when defining groups of smokers, to minimize confounding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing relationships between smoking and psychiatric disorders across twentieth century birth cohorts: clinical and research implications

2016

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“…Similarly, evidence from treatment studies suggests that married men have better outcomes following treatment than unmarried men, whereas for women marriage increases the risk of relapse (reviewed in Walitzer and Dearing, 2006). These gender differences regarding the benefits of marriage for individuals attempting to recover from severe AUDs might be interpreted in light of evidence for positive assortative mating for alcohol use and dependence (Grant et al, 2007), with females more likely than males to choose a partner with a history of alcohol dependence (Agrawal et al, 2006). Investigations in more recent data are needed, however, since the rates of alcohol problems among women are increasing (Grucza et al, 2008) and rates of marriage are decreasing (Copen et al, 2012) in younger cohorts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variables that were not associated with the outcome category and that did not contribute to model fit based on comparison of fit statistics were eliminated from the model if they were not necessary for interpretation. Once final models were identified, interactions of gender with marital status were tested, based on evidence that marriage is differentially associated with gender in individuals with AUDs (Schneider et al, 1995), and that women who are regular drinkers are more likely than their male counterparts to select partners with alcohol dependence (Agrawal et al, 2006). All statistical tests were adjusted for familial clustering using the Huber-White robust variance estimator in the Stata statistical program (StataCorp, 2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Contexts of Remission from DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder in a High-Risk Sample

Kramer

Edenberg

Nürnberger

et al. 2014

Alcohol Clin Exp Res

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Background Measures of social context, such as marriage and religious participation, are associated with remission from alcohol use disorders (AUD) in population-based and treatment samples, but whether these associations hold among individuals at high familial risk for AUD is unknown. This study tests associations of measures of social context and treatment with different types of remission from DSM-5 AUD in a high-risk sample. Methods Subjects were 686 relatives of probands (85.7% first-degree) who participated in a high-risk family study of alcohol dependence. All subjects met criteria for AUD at baseline and were re-interviewed 5 years later. Follow-up status was categorized as persistent AUD, high-risk drinking, remitted low-risk drinking, and abstinence. Social context measures were defined as stable or changing from baseline to follow-up, and their bivariate and multivariate associations with follow-up status were tested. Results At follow-up, 62.8% of subjects had persistent AUD, 6.4% were high-risk drinkers, 22.2% were remitted low-risk drinkers, and 8.6% were abstinent. Birth of first child during the interval was the only measure of social context associated with remitted low-risk drinking and was significant for women only. Abstinent remission was characterized by being stably separated or divorced for women, new marriage for both sexes, experiencing low levels of family support and high levels of friend support, and receiving treatment. High-risk drinkers were more likely than individuals with persistent AUD to have a stable number of children and to have been recently unemployed. Conclusions The social contexts accompanying different types of remission in this high-risk sample resemble those found in population-based and clinical samples. Low-risk drinkers resemble natural remitters from population-based samples who change their drinking habits with life transitions. Abstainers resemble clinical samples in marital context, support from friends, and treatment. High-risk drinkers appear to continue to experience negative consequences of heavy drinking.

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“…First, our results suggest that the well recognized high influence of additive genetic factors on individual differences in intelligence in adults may partly reflect more complex processes such as genetic dominance and positive assortative mating. The extended twin-family design evidently allows the disentanglement of various sources of individual differences in intelligence, and this design could also prove important in the context of a wide variety of other traits for which assortative mating has been reported, such as human height, body mass index, smoking behavior, personality traits, and psychiatric disorders (Silventoinen et al 2003; Agrawal et al 2006; Glicksohn and Golan 1999; Maes et al 1998). Heritability estimates for these traits are generally based on twin correlations, while effects of assortative mating are not considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconsidering the Heritability of Intelligence in Adulthood: Taking Assortative Mating and Cultural Transmission into Account

et al. 2011

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Heritability estimates of general intelligence in adulthood generally range from 75 to 85%, with all heritability due to additive genetic influences, while genetic dominance and shared environmental factors are absent, or too small to be detected. These estimates are derived from studies based on the classical twin design and are based on the assumption of random mating. Yet, considerable positive assortative mating has been reported for general intelligence. Unmodeled assortative mating may lead to biased estimates of the relative magnitude of genetic and environmental factors. To investigate the effects of assortative mating on the estimates of the variance components of intelligence, we employed an extended twin-family design. Psychometric IQ data were available for adult monozygotic and dizygotic twins, their siblings, the partners of the twins and siblings, and either the parents or the adult offspring of the twins and siblings (N = 1314). Two underlying processes of assortment were considered: phenotypic assortment and social homogamy. The phenotypic assortment model was slightly preferred over the social homogamy model, suggesting that assortment for intelligence is mostly due to a selection of mates on similarity in intelligence. Under the preferred phenotypic assortment model, the variance of intelligence in adulthood was not only due to non-shared environmental (18%) and additive genetic factors (44%) but also to non-additive genetic factors (27%) and phenotypic assortment (11%).This non-additive nature of genetic influences on intelligence needs to be accommodated in future GWAS studies for intelligence.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10519-011-9507-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Assortative Mating for Cigarette Smoking and for Alcohol Consumption in Female Australian Twins and their Spouses

Cited by 116 publications

References 64 publications

Changing relationships between smoking and psychiatric disorders across twentieth century birth cohorts: clinical and research implications

Changing relationships between smoking and psychiatric disorders across twentieth century birth cohorts: clinical and research implications

Social Contexts of Remission from DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder in a High-Risk Sample

Reconsidering the Heritability of Intelligence in Adulthood: Taking Assortative Mating and Cultural Transmission into Account

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