Associative regulation of Pavlovian fear conditioning: Unconditioned stimulus intensity, incentive shifts, and latent inhibition.

Young, Stacey L.; Fanselow, Michael S.

doi:10.1037/0097-7403.18.4.400

Cited by 86 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In a Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm, fear conditioning increases the transcriptional activity of opioidcontaining neurons in the amygdala (Petrovich et al, 2000). Acute administration of opioid antagonists facilitates the acquisition (Fanselow and Bolles, 1979;Young and Fanselow, 1992) and prevents the extinction (McNally and Westbrook, 2003) of fear conditioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Morphine Selectively Impairs Cued Fear Extinction in Rats: Implications for Anxiety Disorders Associated with Opiate Use

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previous studies have shown that opioid transmission plays an important role in learning and memory. However, little is known about the course of opiate-associated learning and memory deficits after cessation of chronic opiate use in a behavioral animal model. In the present study, we examined the effects of chronic morphine on fear extinction, an important preclinical model for behavior therapy of human anxiety disorders. Rats were administrated subcutaneously morphine hydrochloride or saline twice per day for continuous 10 days. Rats received a cued or contextual fear conditioning session 7 days after the last morphine injection. During subsequent days, rats received four cued or contextual extinction sessions (one session per day). Percent freezing was assessed during all phases of training. Chronic morphine did not affect the acquisition of cued fear response or the initial encoding of extinction memory within each session, but produced an impairment in the between-session extinction. However, the same morphine treatment schedule did not affect the acquisition or extinction of contextual fear response. These results suggest that the effects of chronic morphine on memory for fear extinction are complex. Chronic morphine selectively impairs extinction of cued fear response. This deficit in fear extinction may be one of those critical components that contribute to the high prevalence of anxiety disorders in opiate addicts.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Morphine Selectively Impairs Cued Fear Extinction in Rats: Implications for Anxiety Disorders Associated with Opiate Use

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although this possibility cannot be ruled out on the basis of previous research, this line of reasoning seems to be at odds with the outcome of studies in which freezing has been directly compared with other conventional indices of conditioning, such as suppression of bar pressing for food. At least with discrete auditory CSs, high correlations among freezing and these other measures have typically been found (e.g., Mast, Blanchard, & Blanchard, 1982, Sigmundi, Bouton, & Bolles, 1980; see also Fanselow, Kim, Yipp, &De Oca, 1994, andFanselow, 1992, for additional support for the notion of freezing as a sensitive measure).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

The Effect of a Discrete Signal on Context Conditioning: Assessment by Preference and Freezing Tests

Maes

LoLordo

1996

Learning and Motivation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Four experiments with rats assessed conditioning to contextual cues after the delivery of footshocks that were either signaled by a discrete stimulus or unsignaled. Two different tests were used. The first was a context preference test in which subjects were allowed to move freely in a brightly lit, unconditionally aversive context and the former shock context. The second test consisted of scoring freezing behavior while the animals were confined to the former conditioning context. During context preference tests, signaled-shock animals spent more time in the conditioning context and/or entered that context more frequently than did unsignaled-shock subjects. However, freezing tests largely failed to detect a difference between groups. These results were discussed in terms of possible interactions between the formation of contextshock, signal-shock, and context-signal associations and their effect on performance in each of the two types of tests. ᭧

show abstract

“…Both the conditional opponent theory (Schull, 1979) and the perceived intensity hypothesis (Fanselow, 1981;Young & Fanselow, 1992) accurately predict this result. Nevertheless, these two models make different predictions about the effects of NTX on inhibitory conditioning.…”

mentioning

confidence: 70%

Naltrexone does not disrupt acquisition or performance of inhibitory conditioning

Landeira-Fernández

Fanselow

DeCola

et al. 1993

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previous research has demonstrated that naltrexone (NTX) enhances acquisition of aversive excitatory Pavlovian conditioning. Both the conditional opponent theory (Schull, 1979) and the perceived intensity hypothesis (Fanselow, 1981;Young & Fanselow, 1992) accurately predict this result. Nevertheless, these two models make different predictions about the effects of NTX on inhibitory conditioning. In the present experiment, these predictions were tested by investigating the effect of NTX on the acquisition ana expression of inhibitory conditioning. NTX was injected during conditioned inhibitory (CI) training or testing. To avoid an effect of NTX on excitatory conditioning, excitatory and inhibitory trials were separated by 24 h. A control group was used to assess acquisition of CI. It was found that NTX did not disrupt acquisition or expression of CI. These results are inconsistent with the conditional opponent theory but are in accordance with the perceived intensity hypothesis.Treatment with opioid antagonists during training involving aversive stimulation , such as footshock, causes an increase in acquisition of fear conditioning (Ehrman, Josephson, Schull, & Sparich , 1979;Fanselow & Bolles, 1979;Gallagher & Kapp, 1978). Two models of aversive Pavlovian conditioning-the conditioned opponent theory developed by Schull (1979) and the perceived intensity hypothesis developed by Fanselow (1981Fanselow ( , 1984aYoung & Fanselow, 1992)-offer distinct accounts of this result.The conditioned opponent process theory proposes that an aversive stimulus produces its primary hedonic reaction, a-process, followed by an opposite hedonic response, b-process . This b-process functions to reduce the primary hedonic reactions produced by the aversive stimulus. This process is assumed to be mainly a conditional response that grows with consecutive presentations of the aversive stimulus. The animal's affective state in response to the aversive stimulus is a summation of these two opposite processes . When the a-process is bigger than the bprocess, an A-state results; when the b-process is bigger than the a-process, a B-state results. The A-state is responsible for Pavlovian fear conditioning and has its maximum efficacy when the aversive stimulus is presented for the first time. With successive aversive stimulation, the bprocess increases, causing a reduction in the A-state. The conditioned opponent theory suggests that endogenous

show abstract

Associative regulation of Pavlovian fear conditioning: Unconditioned stimulus intensity, incentive shifts, and latent inhibition.

Cited by 86 publications

References 35 publications

Chronic Morphine Selectively Impairs Cued Fear Extinction in Rats: Implications for Anxiety Disorders Associated with Opiate Use

Chronic Morphine Selectively Impairs Cued Fear Extinction in Rats: Implications for Anxiety Disorders Associated with Opiate Use

The Effect of a Discrete Signal on Context Conditioning: Assessment by Preference and Freezing Tests

Naltrexone does not disrupt acquisition or performance of inhibitory conditioning

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About