Associative Learning and Derived Attention in Humans

Pelley, Mike E. Le; Beesley, Tom; Griffiths, Oren

doi:10.1002/9781118650813.ch6

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The color of the car in the neighboring lane does not provide any information regarding whether pulling out is safe, and so is a nonpredictive stimulus. A large body of work in both humans and nonhuman animals has examined the influence of previous experience of the predictiveness of a stimulus on the rate of subsequent learning about that stimulus (for reviews, see Le Pelley, 2004, 2010; Pearce & Mackintosh, 2010). In humans at least, the typical finding is that predictive stimuli are learned about more rapidly in future than are nonpredictive stimuli.…”

Section: Predictiveness-driven Attentional Capturementioning

confidence: 99%

When goals conflict with values: Counterproductive attentional and oculomotor capture by reward-related stimuli.

Pelley

Pearson

Griffiths

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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273

437

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Attention provides the gateway to cognition, by selecting certain stimuli for further analysis. Recent research demonstrates that whether a stimulus captures attention is not determined solely by its physical properties, but is malleable, being influenced by our previous experience of rewards obtained by attending to that stimulus. Here we show that this influence of reward learning on attention extends to task-irrelevant stimuli. In a visual search task, certain stimuli signaled the magnitude of available reward, but reward delivery was not contingent on responding to those stimuli. Indeed, any attentional capture by these critical distractor stimuli led to a reduction in the reward obtained. Nevertheless, distractors signaling large reward produced greater attentional and oculomotor capture than those signaling small reward. This counterproductive capture by task-irrelevant stimuli is important because it demonstrates how external reward structures can produce patterns of behavior that conflict with task demands, and similar processes may underlie problematic behavior directed toward real-world rewards.

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Section: Predictiveness-driven Attentional Capturementioning

confidence: 99%

When goals conflict with values: Counterproductive attentional and oculomotor capture by reward-related stimuli.

Pelley

Pearson

Griffiths

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

Self Cite

273

437

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[Other parameter: S = 0.3]. (Figure taken from Le Pelley, Beesley, & Griffiths, 2016). See the online article for the color version of this figure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention and associative learning in humans: An integrative review.

Pelley¹,

Mitchell²,

Beesley³

et al. 2016

Psychological Bulletin

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287

322

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This article presents a comprehensive survey of research concerning interactions between associative learning and attention in humans. Four main findings are described. First, attention is biased toward stimuli that predict their consequences reliably (). This finding is consistent with the approach taken by Mackintosh (1975) in his attentional model of associative learning in nonhuman animals. Second, the strength of this attentional bias is modulated by the value of the outcome (). That is, predictors of high-value outcomes receive especially high levels of attention. Third, the related but opposing idea that may result in increased attention to stimuli (Pearce & Hall, 1980), receives less support. This suggests that hybrid models of associative learning, incorporating the mechanisms of both the Mackintosh and Pearce-Hall theories, may not be required to explain data from human participants. Rather, a simpler model, in which attention to stimuli is determined by how strongly they are associated with significant outcomes, goes a long way to account for the data on human attentional learning. The last main finding, and an exciting area for future research and theorizing, is that and modulate both deliberate attentional focus, and more automatic attentional capture. The automatic influence of learning on attention does not appear to fit the traditional view of attention as being either or. Rather, it suggests a new kind of “derived” attention.

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“…An obvious advantage to such systems is that they might prevent the study animal from associating humans with the procedure. In this respect, it is notable that animals, including humans, are generally very dis-cerning with respect to the form of other vertebrates in their vicinity (see Yorzinski et al 2014) and attention to humans is usually particularly prioritized (Le Pelley et al 2016).…”

Section: Effects Of Interaction With Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards informed metrics for examining the role of human‐induced animal responses in tag studies on wild animals

Wilson

Holton

Wilson

et al. 2019

Integrative Zoology

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Two prime issues can detrimentally affect animals that have been equipped with tags; (i) the effect of the capture and restraint process and (ii) the effect of the tag itself. This work examines some of the issues surrounding quantification of tag effects on wild animals for both restrained and free-living animals. A new method to quantify stress effects based on monitoring ventilation rates in relation to activity is suggested for restrained animals which may help improve the practice of handling animals. It is also suggested that various metrics, many derived from accelerometers, can be examined in tagged wild animals to examine the change in behaviours over time with a view to having a better understanding of welfare issues, assuring the quality of recorded data and informing best practice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Associative Learning and Derived Attention in Humans

Cited by 4 publications

References 58 publications

When goals conflict with values: Counterproductive attentional and oculomotor capture by reward-related stimuli.

When goals conflict with values: Counterproductive attentional and oculomotor capture by reward-related stimuli.

Attention and associative learning in humans: An integrative review.

Towards informed metrics for examining the role of human‐induced animal responses in tag studies on wild animals

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