Associative Dynamic Effects of Protein, Carbohydrate and Fat

Forbes, E. B.; Swift, R. W.

doi:10.1126/science.99.2580.476

Cited by 16 publications

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“…In explaining the increased con tribution of protein oxidation to total heat production in response to triglyceride infusion observed in these investigations, the possible role of stimulated gluconeogenesis has been considered. This appeared to be a reasonable tentative explanation in the light of some recent observations concerning stimulated gluconeogenesis in association with a high rate of fatty acid oxidation (Forbes and Swift, 1944;Krebs, 1964;Friedman et al, 1967;Blazques et al, 1971;Evans and Scholz, 1973). The present study related to the responses of the main plasma nutrients and metabolites to Intralipid supplementation in low birth-weight infants parenterally fed with 5 or 10% glucose lends support to the suggestion of a stimulated hepatic glucose synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Changes in Blood Glucose, Free Fatty Acids and Amino Acids in Low Birth-Weight Infants Receiving Intravenous Fat Emulsion

Mestyán

Rubecz

Soltész³

1976

Neonatology

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The responses of blood glucose and lactate, plasma free fatty acids, amino acids and urea level to Intralipid supplementation in two groups of infants parenterally fed with 5 and 10% glucose were investigated. In both groups of infants blood glucose obtained by the end of the 6-hour Intralipid infusion period and over the following 2 h exceeded the values prior to fat supplementation. The response in the free fatty acid level was less pronounced and recovered more rapidly in infants receiving 10% glucose than in those given a 5% solution. Urea level tended to increase in the 10% glucose group, possibly as a consequence of an increased urea production. Total plasma amino acids and 17 individual amino acids measured were found to be lowered in response to Intralipid. The observed changes in blood nutrients and metabolites were interpreted as the metabolic consequences of an accelerated gluconeogenesis induced by intravenous fat emulsion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Changes in Blood Glucose, Free Fatty Acids and Amino Acids in Low Birth-Weight Infants Receiving Intravenous Fat Emulsion

Mestyán

Rubecz

Soltész³

1976

Neonatology

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“…Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO on 12/01/14 and initial defecation time. These results may indicate that the fluids and soft parts of the herring, with the highest caloric content, are most rapidly transported, but this is inconsistent with the well-known effect of fat in delaying digestion (Forbes and Swift 1944). Whiting, with the lowest caloric content of the food given, had the fastest transit time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Transit time of digesta in captive harbour seals (Phoca vitulina)

Markussen¹

1993

Can. J. Zool.

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Stomach-content analysis can be used to identify the species and size of prey fishes eaten by marine mammals, and has been used for both qualitative and quantitative estimates of their food requirements. Methods that use mass or volume to determine the amount of fish eaten depend on the degree of digestion and the time required for the stomach to empty. The transit time of digesta was estimated by recording the initial defecation time and the time required for the stomach to empty in four harbour seals (Phoca vitulina). The seals were given meals varying in size from 0.5 to 2.1 kg and in caloric content from 4940 to 12 770 kJ/kg, and containing carmine or barium sulphate as a marker. The time from eating until red faeces were observed was between 2 h 35 min and 6 h 15 min. Also, barium sulphate was injected into the food given, and X-rays were used to estimate the time required for the stomach to empty. The stomach started to empty less than 1 h after the meal. Some prey remained in the stomach 5 h after eating.

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“…In this case the question may be asked how does intravenous fat feeding enhance urea production? Leaving aside the theoretical possibilities which might be considered in answering this question, let us only refer to reports on increased gluconeogenesis associated with high fat feeding {Forbes and Swift, 1944;Krebs, 1964;Friedman et aL, 1967;Blazques et aL, 1971;Evans and Scholz, 1973). Quite recent investigations performed on perfused livers of high fat-fed rats {Eisenstein et aL, 1974) showed a greater conversion of alanine and pyruvate into glucose than did control liver.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whenever the specific dynamic action of a mixture of nutritients closely interrelated (Christophe and Mayer, 1959;Randle et aL, 1963;Felber and Vannotti, 1964;Albrink and Davidson, 1966;Felber, 1970, 1972) is to be evaluated, the question may be asked to what extent do the calorigenic effects of the components contribute to the combined response obtained: are they additive and quite independent of each other, or closely interre lated and dependent on their relative amounts simultaneously metabolized (Forbes and Swift, 1944). In the present investigations the propor tion of calories given as fat during the 6-hour period exceeded markedly that of glucose, which appears just to assume that the small calorigenic effect obtained was mainly due to the fat content of the mixture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Metabolism and Intravenous Nutrition of Premature Infants

Rubecz¹,

Mestyán²

1976

Neonatology

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Oxygen consumption, respiratory quotient, total heat production and the distribution of calories produced by fat, carbohydrate and protein oxidation in low-birth-weight infants intravenously fed by Intralipid + glucose have been investigated. The following observations were made: (1) Fat emulsion + glucose caused a variable individual increase in oxygen consumption. The average response (specific dynamic action) did not reach the level of significance. The mean percentage rise during the second half of the 6-hour Intralipid + glucose infusion period amounted to about 10–13%. (2) The response of respiratory quotient and metabolic pattern indicated an increase of fatty acid oxidation. (3) Intralipid infusion was also associated with an increased renal urea excretion rate suggesting enhanced hepatic glucose synthesis from amino acids in response to increased fatty acid oxidation.

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Associative Dynamic Effects of Protein, Carbohydrate and Fat

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Changes in Blood Glucose, Free Fatty Acids and Amino Acids in Low Birth-Weight Infants Receiving Intravenous Fat Emulsion

Changes in Blood Glucose, Free Fatty Acids and Amino Acids in Low Birth-Weight Infants Receiving Intravenous Fat Emulsion

Transit time of digesta in captive harbour seals (Phoca vitulina)

Energy Metabolism and Intravenous Nutrition of Premature Infants

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