Associative and nonassociative theories of the UCS preexposure phenomenon: Implications for Pavlovian conditioning.

Randich, Alan; LoLordo, Vincent M.

doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.523

Cited by 260 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 62 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

173

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…We had predicted that the 7 playmate pairings in the alternate environment prior to the single pairing in the CPP apparatus in Experiment 2 may have inhibited acquisition of social reward-CPP through a US preexposure effect. US pre-exposure is thought to reduce the salience of the US in subsequent CS-US pairing(s), and the inhibitory effects of US pre-exposure on Pavlovian conditioning have been well documented (for review see Mis & Moore, 1973;Randich & LoLordo, 1979;Taylor 1956). Although the results from Experiment 3 failed to support a US pre-exposure effect, it is interesting to note that the animals receiving 4 pairings during conditioning without prior playmate exposure (Experiment 3) expressed a relatively more robust CPP than those conditioned previously after 4 playmate pre-exposures (Experiment 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social reward-conditioned place preference: A model revealing an interaction between cocaine and social context rewards in rats

Thiel

Okun

Neisewander

2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

149

150

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A recent thrust in drug abuse research is the influence of social interactions on drug effects. Therefore, the present study examined conditioned place preference (CPP) as a model for assessing interactions between drug and social rewards in adolescent rats. Parameters for establishing social reward-CPP were examined, including the number of conditioning sessions/day (1 or 2), the total number of sessions (2, 4, or 16), and the duration of sessions (10 or 30 min). Subsequently, the effects of cocaine or dextromethorphan on social reward-CPP and play behavior were examined. The results demonstrate that social reward-CPP (i.e., preference shift for an environment paired previously with a rat) was similar using either 1 or 2 conditioning sessions/day and either 10 or 30 min sessions; however, social reward-CPP increased as the number of social pairings increased. Additionally, a low dose of cocaine (2 mg/kg, IP) and a low number of social pairings (2 pairings) failed to produce CPP when examined alone, but together produced a robust CPP, demonstrating an interaction between these rewards. The non-rewarding drug, dextromethorphan (30 mg/kg, IP), failed to enhance social reward-CPP, suggesting that drug-enhanced social reward-CPP is specific to rewarding drugs. Surprisingly, there was no relationship between play behaviors and preference shift in drug-naïve animals. Furthermore, cocaine inhibited play behavior despite enhancing social reward-CPP, suggesting that aspects of social interaction other than play behavior likely contribute to social reward. The findings have important implications for understanding the influence of social context on cocaine reward during adolescence.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social reward-conditioned place preference: A model revealing an interaction between cocaine and social context rewards in rats

Thiel

Okun

Neisewander

2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

149

150

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Prior pre-exposure to either the to-be-conditioned stimulus (CS) or unconditioned stimulus (US) can impede the development and/or expression of the conditioned response (CR) following subsequent pairing between the CS and the US. The reduction in the vigor of the CR observed following nonreinforced CS preexposure is referred to as latent inhibition (LI; Lubow and Moore, 1959), and that following US pre-exposure is referred to as the US pre-exposure effect (USPEE; Randich and LoLordo, 1979). Both phenomena can be demonstrated in numerous species, including human and rodent, and across a variety of associative conditioning procedures (Lubow, 1989;Cannon et al, 1975;Batson and Best, 1979;Baker et al, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of the CS- and US-Pre-Exposure Effects in the Conditioned Taste Aversion Paradigm and Their Abolition Following Systemic Amphetamine Treatment in C57BL6/J Mice

Meyer

Chang

Feldon

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In classical conditioning, pre-exposures to either the to-be-conditioned stimulus (CS) or unconditioned stimulus (US) can retard subsequent conditioning between the CS and US. The present experiment evaluated the expression of these two pre-exposure effects in mice of the C57BL6/J strain, one of the most common background strains for genetically altered mice. We tested whether their expression would be disrupted by amphetamine treatment (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) in a conditioned taste aversion paradigm with sucrose as the CS and lithium chloride-induced gastric malaise as the US. We found that one pre-exposure (PE) to either the CS or the US reduced aversion to sucrose solution in the controls following conditioning, but no such tendency was evident in the amphetamine-treated mice. The present study represents the first report of amphetamine-induced disruption of the CS-PE effect (ie latent inhibition) in mice, and the first attempt to compare it directly with the US-PE effect in any species. It extended previous reports in rats and humans, suggesting that the sensitivity of latent inhibition to amphetamine is largely comparable across species, thereby lending credence to the use of the latent inhibition effect as a behavioral assay for psychotic-like phenotype in transgenic mice. The parallel observation in the US-PE effect further indicates that its expression, at least in the present conditioned taste aversion paradigm, may also be under similar influence of the dopaminergic system.

show abstract

“…The nonassociative mechanism proposed by Randich and LoLordo (1979) is of special interest for our present concerns; it was that mere exposure to the shock might produce habituation, reducing the effective intensity of the shock and thus its power to act as a reinforcer. According to this interpretation, therefore, the US-preexposure effect may be taken as evidence in favor of one aspect of Hall's (2003) analysis of learned changes in stimulus salience.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their review of this effect, Randich and LoLordo (1979) discussed two possible mechanisms, one associative and one nonassociative. The associative mechanism depends on the principle of blocking.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the Effective Salience of a Stimulus by Direct and Associative Activation of Its Representation.

Hall

Prados

Sansa

2005

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In 2 experiments, rats received exposure to presentations of a footshock preceded by a given cue. In the PRf (partial reinforcement) condition, this cue also occurred in the absence of the shock; in the CRf (continuous reinforcement) condition, it did not. Subsequent testing in which a new stimulus was used to signal the shock (Experiment 1) showed that the shock was more effective as a reinforcer for the PRf than for the CRf group. In Experiment 2, the shock was used as a conditioned stimulus signaling food delivery, and it was found that conditioning occurred more readily in the PRf than in the CRf group. These results accord with the hypothesis that preexposure to the shock results in a decline in its effective salience but that experience of a cue that signals shock in the absence of the shock itself attenuates this effect and helps maintain stimulus salience.

show abstract

Associative and nonassociative theories of the UCS preexposure phenomenon: Implications for Pavlovian conditioning.

Cited by 260 publications

References 62 publications

Social reward-conditioned place preference: A model revealing an interaction between cocaine and social context rewards in rats

Social reward-conditioned place preference: A model revealing an interaction between cocaine and social context rewards in rats

Expression of the CS- and US-Pre-Exposure Effects in the Conditioned Taste Aversion Paradigm and Their Abolition Following Systemic Amphetamine Treatment in C57BL6/J Mice

Modulation of the Effective Salience of a Stimulus by Direct and Associative Activation of Its Representation.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About