Associations of Type 2 Diabetes Onset Age With Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: The Kailuan Study

Abstract

<b>Objective</b><b></b> <p>We aimed to explore the associations between type 2 diabetes onset age and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in Chinese population.</p> <p><b>Research design and methods</b></p> <p>This study included 101,080 participants free of prevalent diabetes and CVD at baseline from the Kailuan study. All participants were followed biennially until December 31, 2017. A total of 11,384 participants were diagnosed as type 2 diabetes during follow-up. For each case, one control was randomly selected matched for age (±1 years) and sex. The final analysis comprised 10,777 case-control pairs. Weighted Cox regression models were used to evaluate the average hazard ratios (AHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident CVD and all-cause mortality among patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes <i>versus </i>controls across age groups.</p> <p><b>Results</b><b></b></p> <p>During a median follow-up of 5.57 years, 1794 incident events (907 CVD events, of which were 725 strokes, and 887 deaths) occurred. After adjustment for potential confounders, participants with type 2 diabetes diagnosed at age < 45 years had the highest risks of CVD and all-cause mortality relative to the matched controls, with AHRs of 3.21 (95% CI 1.18–8.72) for CVD, 2.99 (95% CI 1.01–9.17) for stroke, and 4.79 (95% CI 1.95–11.76) for all-cause mortality. The risks gradually attenuated with each decade increase in type 2 diabetes onset age. </p> <p><b>Conclusions</b><b></b></p> <p>The relative risks of CVD and all-cause mortality differed across type 2 diabetes onset age groups, and the associations were more evident in younger-onset type 2 diabetes. </p>

Continuous metabolic syndrome severity score and the risk ofCVDand all‐cause mortality

“…CVD cases were identified by ICD codes (I21 for MI, I63 for IS and I60 to I61 for HS), and a panel of three experienced cardiologists reviewed the records annually. 24,25 Data of all-cause mortality was gathered from the death certificates from provincial vital statistics offices and reviewed by physicians.…”

Elevated levels of body mass index and waist circumference, but not high variability, are associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation

“…All the participants in the Kailuan Study are employees and retirees of the Kailuan Group, which is a coal mining company in Tangshan. A detailed study design has been published elsewhere [18,19]. In brief, this cohort consists of 101,510 adult participants enrolled at 1st survey between 2006 and 2007.…”

Changes in Impaired Fasting Glucose and Borderline High Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Status Alter the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A 9-Year Prospective Cohort Study

“…An expert panel, including three clinical physicians who have obtained the qualification of clinical physician of the People's Republic of China, independently collected and reviewed the annual discharge records from the 11 participating hospitals to identify patients who were suspected of having CVD. The disagreements of the two researchers were resolved by another researcher (23,24). A diagnosis of MI was made on the basis of the symptoms, electrocardiographic findings, and changes in myocardial enzyme activities, according to the World Health Organization's Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease criteria (25).…”

“…Current drinkers were defined as someone who drank a mean of 100 mL of an alcoholic drink (types of wine) per day for at least the preceding year. Physical exercise was defined as performing exercise ≥ 3 times/week for ≥ 30 min each (24). Hypertension (31) was defined as either a blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg, the use of an anti-hypertensive medication, or a history of hypertension.…”