Associations of the microbiome and esophageal disease

Okereke, Ikenna; Hamilton, Catherine; Wenholz, Alison; Jala, Vikram; Giang, Thao; Reynolds, Sandy T.; Miller, Aaron L.; Pyles, Richard B.

doi:10.21037/jtd.2019.05.82

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Results obtained from other studies revealed that Veillonella, Prevotella, Neisseria, and Fusobacterium are abundantly present in patients with BE. These bacteria were not detected in the esophagus of healthy subjects, and recently published studies by other authors confirmed these results [404,407].…”

Section: Cancers Of Digestive Systemsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…The distal esophagus contains microflora similar to that of the oropharynx; however, the phylum Spirochaetes, prevalent in oral microflora, are absent. Gut dysbiosis is associated with several esophageal diseases; however, it is unclear whether esophageal diseases are due to changes in the gut microbiota or changes in the gut microbiota in the esophageal environment cause changes in the microbial composition [404]. Several investigations suggest the association of gut dysbiosis with several esophageal diseases, such as Barrett's esophagus (BE), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), irritable bowel syndrome, colitis, and esophageal cancer.…”

Section: Cancers Of Digestive Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Gut Microbiota: Friend or Foe?

Pliszka¹,

Szablewski²

2020

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The human gut is a house to approximately 1,000 different species of bacteria. The bacterial composition of gut microbiota is influenced by several factors, including age, sex, mode of delivery, geographical location, ethnicity, diet, drugs, and administration of prebiotics and/or probiotics. Similarly, human health depends on the composition of gut microbiome, with gut bacteria playing a crucial role in human physiology. For instance, gut microbiota synthesizes vitamins and amino acids, and affects the biotransformation of bile acid. Intestinal microbiota produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that stimulate intestinal gluconeogenesis, protect the host from diet-induced obesity, and may play a role as an energy substrate. Changes in the composition of gut microbiota, termed dysbiosis, due to, for example, change in the diet or uptake of certain drugs, may result in metabolic diseases, autoimmune and allergic diseases, cancers, and many others. Conversely, dysbiosis can be a consequence of a disease in several cases. This review outlines the current knowledge of the associations between human gut microbiota and human health and diseases.

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Section: Cancers Of Digestive Systemsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Cancers Of Digestive Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Gut Microbiota: Friend or Foe?

Pliszka¹,

Szablewski²

2020

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“…Evaluation of the microbiota on this mucosa is a potential solution to address this gap in clinical care ( Zackular et al, 2013 ; Münch et al, 2019 ; Okereke et al, 2019c ). As such, we undertook this study to determine if there was a microbiota pattern that was associated with Barrett’s esophagus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota Detection Patterns Correlate With Presence and Severity of Barrett’s Esophagus

Okereke

Miller

Jupiter

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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BackgroundThe microbiome has been increasingly associated with different disease processes, but its role in esophagus is largely unknown. Our goal was to determine the associations of the esophageal microbiota with Barrett’s esophagus.MethodsA total of 74 patients were included in this prospective study, including 34 patients with Barrett’s esophagus and 40 patients without Barrett’s esophagus. Esophageal swabs were obtained from the uvula, and mucosal biopsies were obtained from the proximal esophagus and distal esophagus in each patient. The microbiome of each sample was assessed using a customized Esophageal Microbiome qPCR array (EMB). For each clinical sample, we completed a detection/non-detection analysis for each organism in the EMB. The limit of detection (LOD) for each target was established by analysis of plasmid dilutions.ResultsAverage age was 60.2 years. There were significantly different microbial detection patterns in patients with Barrett’s esophagus compared to the control population. There were a greater number of organisms which had different likelihoods of detection in the distal esophagus, compared to the proximal esophagus or uvula. In addition, as the length of the Barrett’s column increased, multiple organisms were less likely to be detected. This decreased likelihood occurred only in the distal esophagus. Beside Barrett’s esophagus, no other demographic factors were associated with differences in detection patterns.ConclusionsMicrobial community structures differ between patients with and without Barrett’s esophagus. Certain organisms are less likely to be detected as the severity of Barrett’s esophagus worsens. These results suggest that particular organisms may have a protective effect against the development of Barrett’s esophagus.

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“…The human microbiome contains trillions of microorganisms, many of which are bacteria that assist the host by aiding in the digestion of nutrients and playing a vital role in the innate and adaptive immune system of the host [1]. Microbial dysbiosis, or alteration of the microbiome, plays an important role in chronic inflammation, dysplasia, cancers, and other esophageal diseases [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Environmental and Pharmacologic Changes on the Upper Gastrointestinal Microbiome

Bilello

Okereke

2021

Biomedicines

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Diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract have become more prevalent over time. Mechanisms of disease formation are still only partially understood. Recent literature has shown that the surrounding microbiome affects the propensity for disease formation in various parts of the upper gastrointestinal tract. A review was performed of any literature to our best knowledge concerning the effects of pharmacologic agents, environmental changes, and surgical intervention on the microbiome of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Searches of the literature were performed using specific keywords related to drugs, surgical procedures, and environmental factors. Many prescription and nonprescription drugs that are commonly used have varying effects on the upper gastrointestinal tract. Proton pump inhibitors may affect the relative prevalence of some organisms in the lower esophagus and have less effect in the proximal esophagus. Changes in the esophageal microbiome correlate with some esophageal diseases. Drugs that induce weight loss have also been shown to affect the microbiomes of the esophagus and stomach. Common surgical procedures are associated with shifts in the microbial community in the gastrointestinal tract. Environmental factors have been shown to affect the microbiome in the upper gastrointestinal tract, as geographic differences correlate with alterations in the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract. Understanding the association of environmental and pharmacologic changes on the microbiome of the upper gastrointestinal tract will facilitate treatment plans to reduce morbidity from disease.

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Associations of the microbiome and esophageal disease

Cited by 25 publications

References 43 publications

Human Gut Microbiota: Friend or Foe?

Human Gut Microbiota: Friend or Foe?

Microbiota Detection Patterns Correlate With Presence and Severity of Barrett’s Esophagus

Impact of Environmental and Pharmacologic Changes on the Upper Gastrointestinal Microbiome

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