Associations of Stressors and Uplifts of Caregiving With Caregiver Burden and Depressive Mood: A Meta-Analysis

Pinquart, Martin; Sörensen, Silvia

doi:10.1093/geronb/58.2.p112

Cited by 919 publications

(939 citation statements)

References 226 publications

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“…These stressors range from having to perform daily self-care tasks, such as bathing and feeding, to coping with adverse problem behaviours, such as wandering off and becoming disorientated in the environment. 10,11 In two studies it emerged that dementia patients' behavioural problems were one of the most important factors contributing to caregiver burden, with aggression being singled out as the critical symptom that is most often associated with burden. 12−14 It has been postulated that burden occurs as a result of the continuous vigilance that must ensue as a result of these other related behaviours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caregiving for people with dementia in a rural context in South Africa

Gurayah

2015

South African Family Practice

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Background: This research is an exploratory pilot study into the phenomenon of caregiving for people with dementia in a rural context in South Africa. Method: This study used a qualitative method of inquiry for conducting individual interviews with five caregivers to collect the data. The interviews were conducted in the local language of isiZulu. All interviews were audiotaped, and then transcribed into English. Transcriptions were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: There were three main emergent themes, namely views and responsibilities of the caregiver, impact of caregiving, and skills and services to assist the caregiver. There were numerous subsidiary themes such as acceptance of the ageing process, a sense of duty and kinship in African culture, and dealing with problem behaviours. Caregiving was also viewed as a character-building experience, and has major implications such as promoting social isolation, restricting activities of daily living, reducing employment and increasing financial burden. Services that would alleviate caregiver burden are education, caregiver training, a financial grant and respite care. Conclusions: Although these findings are not generalisable, it would appear that caregivers of people with dementia suffer significant psychosocial distress, and would benefit from emotional and financial support. It remains to be seen who will provide this support, but policy-makers as well as governmental and non-governmental organisations will have to factor this into their forward planning to render an effective service for people with dementia and their families. Advocacy groups should also disseminate information on dementia and caregiving responsibility, whilst healthcare professionals should screen for caregiver stress or caregiver burden in individuals caring for people with dementia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caregiving for people with dementia in a rural context in South Africa

Gurayah

2015

South African Family Practice

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“…(1–3) Although BPSD are composed of wide-ranging symptoms including depression, physical aggression and paranoid delusions, it remains unclear whether specific individual symptoms, or symptom clusters (one or more symptoms grouped together, e.g., mood symptoms) differentially impact caregivers. The majority of research studies that have concluded that BPSD negatively impact caregivers have solely examined cumulative scores of BPSD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Differential Impact of Unique Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms for the Dementia Caregiver: How and Why Do Patients' Individual Symptom Clusters Impact Caregiver Depressive Symptoms?

Ornstein

Gaugler

Devanand

et al. 2013

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

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Objectives The behavioral and psychological symptoms associated with dementia (BPSD) are highly burdensome to caregivers. While BPSD consist of a wide variety of patient behaviors including depression, physical aggression and paranoid delusions, it remains unclear whether specific symptoms have a differential impact on caregivers. The aims of this study were (1) to assess how individual BPSD symptoms, categorized based on how they may affect caregivers, impact depressive symptoms for dementia patient caregivers and (2) to test the pathways by which BPSD symptom clusters impact caregiver depressive symptoms. Design Cross-sectional analysis of data from a longitudinal study of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Setting Multiple U.S. dementia clinics. Participants 160 patient-caregiver dyads. Methods Using multivariate GEE logistic models, we analyzed the relationship between four BPSD symptom clusters (patient depressive symptoms, accusatory/aggressive behaviors, non-threatening psychotic symptoms, and difficult to manage behaviors) and caregiver depressive symptoms and assessed mediators of these relationships. Results Only the presence of patient depressive symptoms was associated with caregiver depression (OR=1.55; 95% CI=1.14–2.1). This relationship was mediated by both caregiver report of the symptom’s impact on the patient and perceived burden to caregivers. Conclusions Patient depressive symptoms may be the most important driver of the relationship between BPSD and caregiver depression. Research in this field should further test the effects of individual BPSD symptoms and should also consider how symptoms may negatively impact caregivers by increasing burden and evoking empathy for the patient.

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“…Assistance with ADLs in elderly persons has not been found to be related to poor health conditions among caregivers. Rather, care recipients who have frequent behavioral or emotional problems place more stress on caregivers (Pinquart & Sörensen, 2003;Pruchno & Resch, 1989). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caregiver burden mediates between caregiver's mental health condition and elder's behavioral problems among Japanese family caregivers

Honda

Abe

Aoyagi

et al. 2013

Aging & Mental Health

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Objectives: In Japan, the prevalence of depression has been reported to occur among 1 in 4 family caregivers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the self-rated burden associated with mental health conditions among caregivers. Methods:We studied 95 caregivers aged 38-87 years in a cross-sectional study. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) score of 4 or more was defined as poor mental health. Results:The proportion of caregivers with poor mental health was 24%. Caregivers with a high GHQ-12 score had the number of caregiver burdens increased by 2.5-fold compared to those with a low GHQ-12 score (p = 0.001). The proportion of caregivers with a high GHQ-12 score was significantly higher with an increasing number of behavioral problems among care recipients (p = 0.003). A mediational model was used to identify the underlying mechanism of the relationship between the number of behavioral problems and poor mental health in caregivers. Consequently, we found that mental health conditions in caregivers were associated with both number of caregiver burdens and behavioral problems among care recipients. Conclusions:It is vital to provide support not only to the caregivers but also to their elderly relatives, paying particular attention to early identification of poor mental health in caregivers so as to administer effective interventions, and to offer useful advice concerning how to deal with behavioral problems.

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Associations of Stressors and Uplifts of Caregiving With Caregiver Burden and Depressive Mood: A Meta-Analysis

Cited by 919 publications

References 226 publications

Caregiving for people with dementia in a rural context in South Africa

Caregiving for people with dementia in a rural context in South Africa

The Differential Impact of Unique Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms for the Dementia Caregiver: How and Why Do Patients' Individual Symptom Clusters Impact Caregiver Depressive Symptoms?

Caregiver burden mediates between caregiver's mental health condition and elder's behavioral problems among Japanese family caregivers

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