Associations of Socioeconomic Status With Disease Progression in African Americans With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract

Objective In prior cross‐sectional analyses of African American patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), measures of socioeconomic status (SES) were associated with clinical joint damage and poorer patient‐reported outcome scores. The purpose of this study was to determine whether SES measures are associated with disease progression in a cohort of African American patients with early RA (<2 years duration). Methods We analyzed baseline SES and change in 60‐month clinical radiographs and patient‐reported outcomes data (n = 101 and 177, respectively) in individuals with early RA. SES measures were educational attainment, occupation, homeownership, household income, and block group poverty. Outcomes were based on radiographs (total erosion and joint space narrowing [JSN] scores on hands and feet) and patient‐reported outcomes (pain, fatigue, disability, and learned helplessness). We used logistic regression with mixed effects accounting for study site to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results Both low education and occupation status were associated with worsening pain (adjusted OR 5.86 [95% CI 3.05–11.3] and adjusted OR 2.55 [95% CI 1.54–4.21], respectively). Patients without a high‐school diploma were more likely to have worsened reports of learned helplessness (OR 1.92 [95% CI 1.37–2.67]). Community measures of SES were also significantly associated with patient‐reported outcomes score changes. Patients living in areas of block group poverty ≥20% were twice as likely to experience increased disability scores over 60 months of disease duration (OR 1.95 [95% CI 1.17–3.25]). We found no association between SES measures and erosion or JSN score progression. Conclusion Low educational attainment and nonprofessional occupation status were associated with increased worsening of patient‐reported outcomes. However, there were no corresponding increases in radiographically assessed erosion or JSN score progression.

Reporting and Representativeness of Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status in Systemic Sclerosis Randomized Trials: An Observational Study

“…There is evidence suggesting that the effect of race/ethnicity on health outcome is mediated by socioeconomic status (30). Indeed, lower socioeconomic status is associated with more difficult access to health care (37) and poor prognosis (38), and the differences in outcomes across racial/ethnic groups are often attenuated after adjustment for this parameter (39). This aspect has been well documented in SSc by a retrospective US‐based study showing that the excess mortality in African American patients in the crude analysis was mitigated after adjustment for socioeconomic factors (39).…”