Associations of Sitting Behavior Patterns With Cardiometabolic Risk in Children: The Sit Less for Health Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

14Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between 15 sedentary behaviour patterns and cardiometabolic risk in children using a monitor that 16 accurately distinguishes between different postures. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 17 118 children (67 girls) aged 11-12-years had adiposity, blood pressure, lipids and glucose 18 measured and then wore an activPAL device to record sitting, standing and stepping for seven 19 consecutive days. Data was analysed using multiple linear regression. Results: After 20 adjustment for potential confounders and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, the number 21 of breaks in sitting was significantly negatively associated with adiposity (standardised β≥-22 0.546; p≤0.001) and significantly positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 23 (HDL) (β=0.415; p≤0.01). Time in prolonged sitting bouts was significantly negatively 24 associated with adiposity (β≥-0.577; p≤0.001) and significantly positively associated with HDL 25 (β=0.432; p≤0.05). Standing time was significantly negatively associated with adiposity (β≥-26 0.270; p≤0.05) and significantly positively associated with HDL (=0.312; p≤0.05). Conclusions:(that permits detection of postural allocation) and cardiometabolic risk in children. The 78 objective of this study, therefore, was to investigate the associations between sedentary 79 behaviour patterns and cardiometabolic risk in children using the activPAL device that 80 accurately distinguishes between sitting and standing. It was hypothesised that higher total 81 daily sitting time and a lower number of breaks in sitting would be associated with increased 82 cardiometabolic risk marker levels. 83 84Methods 85 Study designThis was a cross-sectional study design across schools in Bedfordshire, UK. Data collection 87 took place in spring 2017 and the study was approved by the University of Bedfordshire 88Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research Ethics Committee (approval number 89 2017ISPAR001). Other than measurement of sitting, standing and stepping, all other 90 measures took place at the children's schools. 91 92 Participants 93Participants were 11-12-year-old schoolchildren recruited on a voluntary basis. Volunteers 94were excluded from the study if they had any known blood borne disease, had clinically 95 diagnosed diabetes, were taking glucose-lowering and/or lipid-lowering medication, smoking, 96 hypertension, major illness/injury, or other health issues that could affect the associations 97 being assessed in the study. Written parental/guardian informed consent was obtained and 98 verbal assent obtained from the participants before any test procedures. 99 100 Recruitment 101Seventeen middle schools within Bedford Borough and surrounding areas were contacted by 102 telephone and email to discuss their willingness and availability to help facilitate the study. 103Four state schools with mixed gender students agreed to take part in the study. A presentation 104 during class or assembly time was gi...

Relationship of Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Metabolic Health in Children and Adolescents Measured by Accelerometer: A Narrative Review

“…For SED longer than 60 min, it was reported that the WC increased by 3.4 cm. In Stockwell's study [49], the number of sedentary breaks showed a significant negative correlation with WC, consistent with previous findings; however, increasing SED was associated with decreased WC, showing contradictory results from previous studies. Ekelund et al [38] also reported that SED did not show a significant relationship with WC among various metabolic disease-related indicators.…”

“…In the Stockwell et al study [49], sedentary breaks were negatively correlated with %BF, supporting the findings of a previous study [38,51]. Conversely, in the case of SED, there was a negative correlation with %BF, contradicting the results of previous studies [38,51].…”

“…Of all the studies investigating the relationship between objectively measured SED and metabolic health indicators in Table 1, 12 studies examined obesity indicators [5,[30][31][32][33][34]38,40,43,[49][50][51], 5 analyzed BP [30,32,38,49,50], 5 studied blood lipid indicators [5,33,38,49,50], and 8 examined glucose-related indicators [28][29][30]38,41,48,50,53]. In addition, among all the studies that identified the relationship between objectively measured PA and metabolic health indicators, 10 of them examined obesity indicators [28,29,35,38,40,41,47,50,51,53], 9 studied BP [29,30,35,38,41,47,48,…”

“…Numerous cross-sectional and longitudinal studies showed positive associations between the volume of objectively measured SED [5,[30][31][32][33][34]38,40,43,[49][50][51], PA [28,29,35,38,40,41,47,50,51,53], and obesity variables, including BMI, WC, and %BF.…”

The Association of Different Sedentary Patterns and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Pre-schoolers

“…Some scholars had proposed increasing ST Breaks times as a method to change people's long-term sitting position, and to prevent health problems caused by ST a long time ago ( 34 ). Studies have found that ST Breaks positively impacted the health in children and adolescents ( 35 ). Even a simple standing interrupting behavior could induce beneficial metabolic changes, such as making insulin, total cholesterol content and fast blood sugar in an inevitable decline ( 36 ).…”