Associations of regional racial attitudes with chronic illness in the United States

Splan, Eric D.; Magerman, Adam B.; Forbes, Chad E.

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114077

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…When scores are aggregated regionally, the IAT has been found to be a potent predictor of health outcomes (Gran-Ruaz et al, in press). Anti-Black bias as measured by the BW-IAT among White residents predicts heart failure, cancer, stroke, and poor birth outcomes among Black residents, above and beyond the effects of explicit bias (Orchard & Price, 2017; Splan et al, 2021). One hypothesis for this finding is that health care workers in these regions have biases that affect the quality of care they provide Black residents.…”

Section: Bw-iat As a Valid Measure Of Implicit Bias In Policementioning

confidence: 99%

Performative shooting exercises do not predict real-world racial bias in police officers.

Williams¹,

Osman²,

Gran-Ruaz³

et al. 2023

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Andersen et al. (2021) published an article in this journal entitled "Racial Bias and Lethal Force Errors Among Canadian Police Officers," exploring the possible relationship between lethal force errors on a simulated police recertification shooting test, stress physiology, and suspect race (Black vs. White). Finding no association between Black-White Implicit Association Test (BW-IAT) scores and shooting errors in the test, they erroneously concluded that the BW-IAT lacks validity as a screening tool to assess racially biased use of force and thereby is not useful. This article reviews the methodological problems, biased assumptions, and errors in logic made by the authors, and discusses an informed approach to understanding racial bias and police violence. It also makes a call-to-action for antiracism approaches in academic publishing. Public Significance StatementThe Implicit Associations Test (IAT) has been used to identify implicit racial bias, and there have been some calls to use this tool as part of law enforcement screening and training to help reduce police violence against people of color. This article explicates conceptual and methodological flaws in a recent study that erroneously concluded the Black-White IAT was not an adequate predictor of police officer bias.

show abstract

Section: Bw-iat As a Valid Measure Of Implicit Bias In Policementioning

confidence: 99%

Performative shooting exercises do not predict real-world racial bias in police officers.

Williams¹,

Osman²,

Gran-Ruaz³

et al. 2023

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, in a 2019 validation paper, Hehman et al (2019) found high convergent validity when comparing state-level implicit and explicit racial bias data from Project Implicit with racially charged Google searches and nationally representative racial attitude data from the Pew Research Center. Others have shown robust associations between aggregate racial bias data from Project Implicit and a range of important health and social inequities, including COVID-19 mortality rates [34], chronic disease [35,60], adverse birth outcomes [33], and racial inequities in income [39,61], police killings [62], and school discipline practices [63]. Thus, the Project Implicit data likely provide a valid measure of area-level racial attitudes, despite self-selection of the sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Bias Correlates with States Having Fewer Health Professional Shortage Areas and Fewer Federally Qualified Community Health Center Sites

Snowden

Michaels

2022

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Federally Qualified Community Health Centers (FQHCs), serving Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSAs), are fixtures of the healthcare safety net and are central to healthcare delivery for African Americans and other marginalized Americans. Anti-African American bias, tied to anti- “welfare” sentiment and to a belief in African Americans’ supposed safety net dependency, can suppress states’ willingness to identify HPSAs and to apply for and operate FQHCs. Drawing on data from n = 1,084,553 non-Hispanic White Project Implicit respondents from 2013–2018, we investigated associations between state-level implicit and explicit racial bias and availability of FQHCs and with HPSA designations. After controlling for states’ sociopolitical conservatism, wealth, health status, and acceptance of the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid expansion, greater racial bias was correlated with fewer FQHC delivery sites and fewer HPSA designations. White’s bias against African Americans is associated with fewer FQHC opportunities for care and fewer identifications of treatment need for African Americans and other low-income people lacking healthcare options, reflecting bias-influenced neglect.

show abstract

“…The predictive validity of IATs has also been documented, including related to health care and health outcomes (Greenwald et al, 2009; Nosek et al, 2007). For example, research has found a relationship between physicians' implicit bias and their clinical decision making for Black patients, as well as poorer health outcomes among BIPOC when they live in regions and states higher in implicit racism (Green et al, 2007; Splan et al, 2021; Zestcott et al, 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ableism, racism, and the quality of life of Black, Indigenous, people of colour with intellectual and developmental disabilities

Friedman

2023

Research Intellect Disabil

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Research indicates Black, Indigenous, people of colour (BIPOC) with intellectual and developmental disabilities face disparities in quality of life outcomes. This study's aim was to examine how ableism and racism impacted the quality of life of BIPOC with intellectual and developmental disabilities.Methods: Using a multilevel linear regression, we analysed secondary quality of life outcome data from Personal Outcome Measures ® interviews with 1393 BIPOC with intellectual and developmental disabilities and implicit ableism and racism data from the 128 regions of the United States in which they lived (discrimination data came from 7.4 million people).Results: When BIPOC with intellectual and developmental disabilities lived in regions of the United States which were more ableist and racist, they had a lower quality of life, regardless of their demographics. Conclusion:Ableism and racism are a direct threat to BIPOC with intellectual and developmental disabilities' health, wellbeing, and overall quality of life.ableism; Black, Indigenous, people of colour; discrimination; people with intellectual and developmental disabilities; quality of life; racism | INTRODUCTIONWhen it comes to disability, quality of life measures were originally utilised in a way that reinforced ableism, rather than examined its impactsthey were originally developed for the purpose of examining the 'burden' of disability (Albrecht & Devlieger, 1999;Buntinx & Schalock, 2010;Cieza & Stucki, 2005;Schalock et al., 2002). However, many quality of life measures used with people with disabilities have since been reconceptualized to be more holistic, emphasising person-centred outcomes (Schalock, 2004;Schalock et al., 2002;Verdugo et al., 2005). Quality of life is considered to contain a wide range of domains, including: emotional well-being; interpersonal relations; material well-being; personal development; physical well-being; self-determination; social inclusion; and, rights (Schalock, 2004;Schalock et al., 2002Schalock et al., , 2010. Quality of life measures and research also recognise that quality of life is multidimensionalthat individuals, communities, systems, and society all impact quality of life (Claes

show abstract

Associations of regional racial attitudes with chronic illness in the United States

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Performative shooting exercises do not predict real-world racial bias in police officers.

Performative shooting exercises do not predict real-world racial bias in police officers.

Racial Bias Correlates with States Having Fewer Health Professional Shortage Areas and Fewer Federally Qualified Community Health Center Sites

Ableism, racism, and the quality of life of Black, Indigenous, people of colour with intellectual and developmental disabilities

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About