Associations of psychological distress with positive psychological variables and activities of daily living among stroke patients: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

BackgroundDepression and anxiety result in psychological distress, which can further affect mental status and quality of life in stroke patients. Exploring the associations between positive psychological variables and symptoms of psychological distress following stroke is of great significance for further psychological interventions.MethodsA total of 710 stroke patients from the five largest cities in Liaoning Province in China were enrolled into the present study in July 2014. All patients independently completed the questionnaires with respect to psychological distress and positive psychological variables. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were evaluated using Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, respectively. Positive psychological variables were evaluated using Perceived Social Support Scale, Adult Hope Scale (AHS), General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale and Resilience Scale-14 (RS-14). Activities of Daily Living (ADL) was measured using Barthel Index. Factors associated with psychological variables and depressive and anxiety symptoms were identified using t-test, ANOVA, correlation and hierarchical linear regression analysis.ResultsDepressive and anxiety symptoms were present in 600 of 710 (84.51%) and 537 of 710 (75.63%) stroke patients enrolled, respectively.Social support (β = − 0.111, p < 0.001) and hope (β = − 0.120, p < 0.001) were negatively associated with both depressive and anxiety symptoms.Resilience (β = − 0.179, p < 0.001) was negatively associated with depressive symptoms.Self-efficacy (β = − 0.135, p < 0.001) was negatively associated with anxiety symptoms. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that ADL accounted for 10.0 and 6.0% of the variance of depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively.Social support, resilience, self-efficacy and hope as a whole accounted for 7.5 and 5.3% of the variance of depressive and anxiety symptoms.ConclusionsThe high frequency of depressive and anxiety symptoms among Chinese stroke survivors should receive attentions from all stakeholders. Findings suggested that intervention strategies on ADL, social support, hope, resilience and self-efficacy could be developed to improve psychosocial outcomes for stroke survivors.

Expressive Flexibility and Dispositional Optimism Contribute to the Elderly’s Resilience and Health-Related Quality of Life during the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…The investigation of HRQoL has progressively gained interest in the context of elderly subjects, since the quality of life among older people tends to decline as they age, due to the increased risk of developing chronic medical conditions [ 2 , 3 ]. Besides the occurrence or the worsening of multimorbidity status [ 4 ], the reduction of elderly’s HRQoL is additionally exacerbated by the presence of psychological distress, as supported by several studies involving older adults [ 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Preditores de risco psicológico em Psicologia da Saúde: uma revisão da literatura

“…De acordo com resultados encontrados por Floyd et al(2010) KURYLOWICZ, 2010;NG et al, 2015), presença de transtornos mentais agudos (MAHENDRARAJ, DURGAN e CHAMBERLAIN, 2016), ansiedade e depressão (ARMALY et al, 2012;PARK et al, 2018;LIU et al, 2018;WANG et al, 2019;YANG et al, 2016), dificuldade de adesão ao tratamento (KUMAR et al, 2016)e pior Qualidade de Vida (ALSHRAIFRREN et al, 2020;HESS e PERRONE-MCGOVERN, 2016;UCHMANOWICZ et al, 2016).…”

“…Capacidade de resiliência diminuiu a probabilidade de hospitalização em 25%, diminuiu a chance de consultas médicas em 47% e melhorou a autoavaliação em saúde em 49% (EZEAMAMA et al, 2016). Foi negativamente associada a sintomas depressivos (LIU et al, 2018;WANG et al, 2019), associado a melhor equilíbrio afetivo (LAIRD et al, 2019), considerado fator de proteção para imagem corporal (IZYDORCZYK et al, 2018) e diminuiu a incidência de sintomas de TEPT (WAQAS et al,2017) .…”

“…Prevalência de ansiedade variou entre 22,3 e 69,3% e presença de Distress identificada variou entre 30,2 e 60,7% nos estudos. Os preditores de ansiedade e depressão identificados foram: Dificuldades nas Atividades de Vida Diária -AVD's(LIU et al, 2018;WANG et al, 2019), gravidade dos sintomas(LIU et al, 2018), sentimento de impotência e perda de recursos, sentimento de desamparo (DIRIK e KARANCI, 2010), uso indevido do álcool(FOUNTAet al, 2019) e menor controle percebido sobre a própria condição de saúde(MORGAN et al, 2020).…”

“…al., 2015), pior bem-estar físico(FLOYD et al, 2010), piores scores mentais (PEDRAS, CARVALHO e PEREIRA, 2018), manifestaram mais sentimentos de desesperança, crises existenciais e problemas de relacionamento (MAHENDRARAJ, DURGAN e CHAMBERLAIN, 2016). Maiores níveis de Distress foram associados a pior qualidade de vida e maior dificuldade de adesão ao tratamento(EISELE et al, 2018;WANG et al, 2019).Os dados encontrados revelam o quanto o quadro emocional do paciente pode ser afetado diante de um adoecimento. O sofrimento psicológico, ou Distress foi evidenciado, acarretando conseqüência de desenvolvimento de transtornos depressivos e ansiosos e demandam atenção do psicólogo em diversas fases do tratamento.…”