Associations of physical partner violence and sexual violence victimization on health risk behaviours and mental health among university students from 25 countries

Pengpid, Supa; Peltzer, Karl

doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09064-y

Cited by 37 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…It was developed in English, and then translated and back-translated into the languages of the study country following scientific procedures. The study response rate was more than 90% in most countries [14,15].…”

Section: Study Population and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 94%

Associations of serious physical injuries with posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional survey among university students in 26 countries

Pengpid

Peltzer

2020

BMC Psychol

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Background Evidence of the relationship between serious physical injury and poor mental health among university students from low- and middle-income countries is limited. The aim of the study is to assess the association between serious physical injury and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms in university students from low- and middle-income countries. Methods In a cross-sectional survey, 18,382 university students from 26 countries responded to a short screening scale for DSM-IV PTSD, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale as well as questions on injury and sociodemographics. Results The overall prevalence of past 12-month serious physical injury was 24.7%. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, compared to having no past 12-month serious physical injury, having a past 12-month serious injury was associated with 1.35 (95% CI 1.18, 1.56) times higher odds for PTSD symptoms and 1.49 (95% CI 1.32, 1.67) times higher odds for depressive symptoms in university students. Conclusion Compared to students who had not sustained a serious physical injury in the past 12 months, students with an injury had significantly higher PTSD and depressive symptoms. Mental health support of students who sustained physical injuries may prevent PTSD and depressive symptoms.

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Section: Study Population and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 94%

Associations of serious physical injuries with posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional survey among university students in 26 countries

Pengpid

Peltzer

2020

BMC Psychol

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“…In terms of SRH knowledge and services, low knowledge about HIV/AIDS transmission and negative attitudes about people with HIV/AIDS were associated with NMSV, as were higher fertility preferences than that reported by Indian women as whole [12] . Health knowledge and health care access, media access, and menstrual hygiene access and use were also associated with NMSV, as were tobacco and alcohol use, the latter findings seen in prior research with adolescents from other country contexts [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] but not previously identified in India. Research documents alcohol use as both a risk factor for sexual violence and a coping mechanism subsequent to such violence [35] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Machine learning analysis of non-marital sexual violence in India

et al. 2021

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Background: Machine learning techniques can explore low prevalence data to offer insight into identification of factors associated with non-marital sexual violence (NMSV). NMSV in India is a health and human rights concern that disproportionately affects adolescents, is under-reported, and not well understood or addressed in the country. Methods: We applied machine learning methods to retrospective cross-sectional data from India's nationallyrepresentative National Family Health Survey 4, a demographic and health study conducted in 2015À16, which offers 4000+ variables as potential independent variables. We used Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (lasso) or L-1 regularized logistic regression models as well as L-2 regularized logistic regression or ridge models; we conducted an iterative thematic analysis (ITA) of variables generated from a series of regularized models. Findings: Thematic analysis of regularized models highlight that past exposure to violence was most predictive of NMSV, followed by geography, sexual behavior, and poor sexual and reproductive health knowledge. After these, indicators largely related to resources and autonomy (e.g., access to health services, and income generating) were associated with NMSV. Exploratory analysis with the subsample of never married adolescents 15À19 years old, a population with higher representation of recent NMSV, further emphasized the role of wealth and mobility as key correlates of NMSV, along with poor HIV knowledge, tobacco use, higher fertility preferences, and attitudes accepting of marital violence. Interpretation: Findings indicate the validity of machine learning with iterative theme analysis (ITA) to identify factors associated with violence. Findings were consistent with prior work demonstrating associations between NMSV and other violence experiences, but also showed novel correlates such as lower SRH knowledge and service utilization and, for girls, norms and preferences suggesting more restrictive gender norms. Sexual and reproductive health, gender equity and safety focused interventions are important for addressing NMSV in India, particularly for adolescents.

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“…Mahenge and colleagues in Tanzania also found higher levels of PTSD among pregnant women who had experienced intimate partner violence [ 103 ]. A multicountry study among university students from 25 countries (7 countries from sub-Saharan Africa) also suggested that PTSD was associated with intimate partner violence in all of the sub-Saharan African countries [ 104 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and factors associated with PTSD among female urban slum dwellers in Ibadan, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

Sekoni

Christofides

2021

BMC Public Health

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Background Little is known about the prevalence of and factors associated with PTSD among adult females in Nigeria, particularly those who live in slums. PTSD is a mental health condition that develops among some individuals who experience or witness a traumatic event. Several other factors could place individuals at heightened risk of PTSD including stress and comorbid mental disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the prevalence and factors associated with PTSD among female urban slum dwellers in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods We conducted a cross sectional survey using multistage sampling of 550 women aged 18 and above from selected slums. Interviewer administered questionnaires were used to elicit information on experience of childhood trauma, recent stressors, intimate partner violence, other mental disorders, sociodemographic characteristics and PTSD. PTSD was measured using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) which is based on DSM IV. A multivariable linear regression model was built to test associations between PTSD and independent variables. Results The prevalence for PTSD was found to be 4.18% and the mean PTSD score was 5.80 ± 7.11. Sexual abuse in childhood, past year intimate partner violence and anxiety were significantly associated with higher PTSD scores. PTSD was not significantly associated with a history of recent stressors. Education, employment and marital status were not associated with PTSD however, age and wealth index showed marginal association with PTSD. Conclusion The prevalence of PTSD among women living in Ibadan slums was relatively low. Both child sexual abuse and intimate partner violence can be prevented. We also recommend longitudinal studies to better understand risk and protective factors.

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Associations of physical partner violence and sexual violence victimization on health risk behaviours and mental health among university students from 25 countries

Cited by 37 publications

References 43 publications

Associations of serious physical injuries with posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional survey among university students in 26 countries

Associations of serious physical injuries with posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional survey among university students in 26 countries

Machine learning analysis of non-marital sexual violence in India

Prevalence and factors associated with PTSD among female urban slum dwellers in Ibadan, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

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