Associations of personal exposure to domestic heating and cooking fuel emissions and epidemiological effects on rural residents in the Fenwei Plain, China

Health Effects of Combined Respiratory and Internal Exposure to Multiple Metals in PM2.5 and PM0.25 in Solid Fuel Combustion Household Environment

“…Second, in addition to heavy metals, other air pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can bind to fine particles. These chemical components can further react with each other to form toxic derivatives that may lead to health damage in humans. , Third, urinary heavy metals and biomarkers may not provide a comprehensive assessment of human exposure and health implications of heavy metals. The potential interaction of metals and the nonlinear relationship between metals and biomarkers have led to the health effects of mixed metals becoming more complex and elusive.…”

“…The study was conducted in the villages of Qu (E 110° 98′, N 34° 94’) and Yanjing (E 110° 73′, N 35° 29’), Yuncheng city, the Fenwei Plain, northern China from November 18 th to December 1 st 2020. Specific information on the 58 rural residents who participated in this study has been provided in previous articles. , Among them, 22 rural residents used biomass fuel in their daily lives, 24 used coal fuel, and 12 used electricity (ELE). Based on stove types, the biomass participants can be divided into two subgroups: biomass briquette furnace (BBF) and biomass elevated Kang (BEK), while the coal group is categorized into outdoor lump coal boiler (OLC) and indoor briquette coal stove (IBC) subgroups [shown in Figure S1 in the Supporting Information (SI)].…”

“…Four biomarkers, namely 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and C-reactive protein (CRP), were analyzed in the urine supernatant by using the ELISA kit (ABclonal Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China). More detailed procedures and precautions for the urine biomarker analysis can be found in our previous publication …”

“…More detailed procedures and precautions for the urine biomarker analysis can be found in our previous publication. 28 2.3. Personal Exposure to PM Sample Collection and Heavy Metals Analysis.…”

Achieving net zero energy heating by integrating the building envelope as a thermal battery

“… 1 , 2 Heating systems are responsible for more than 40% of the total building energy use in northern China. 3 , 4 Therefore, China must take effective measures to reduce carbon emissions associated with building heating to meet its commitment to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. Reducing the energy and fossil fuel consumption of heating systems contributes significantly to sustainable development.…”