Associations of obesity and lifestyle with the risk and mortality of bloodstream infection in a general population: a 15-year follow-up of 64 027 individuals in the HUNT Study

Abstract

Obesity, smoking and physical inactivity carry increased risk of BSI and BSI mortality.

Lifestyle Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Relation to COVID-19 Hospitalization: A Community-Based Cohort Study of 387,109 Adults in UK

“…For example, physical inactivity and smoking appear to be independently associated with higher risk of community-acquired pneumonia and pneumonia mortality. [5][6][7][8][9] Evidence for alcohol intake and diet on risk of respiratory infection are less clear. 8,9 A better understanding of the links between lifestyle risk factors and COVID-19 has obvious implications for prevention of severe outcomes and also in identifying characteristics of those people most at risk.…”

Lifestyle Risk Factors, Obesity and Infectious Disease Mortality in the General Population: Linkage Study of 97,844 Adults from England and Scotland

“…There have been few community based cohort studies large enough to examine infection related mortality in the general population, and those that have specifically focused on pneumonia 7-9 or bacterial infections. 15 Previous work in population cohorts has demonstrated associations between physical activity and lower risk of community acquired pneumonia, 7,9 , sepsis, 10,11 and 30 day mortality after detection of blood borne bacterial infection. 15 A large amount of work exists on exercise and immunity 25 that has described a "J" shaped association between exercise and infection with optimal protection at moderate levels of activity.…”

“…15 Previous work in population cohorts has demonstrated associations between physical activity and lower risk of community acquired pneumonia, 7,9 , sepsis, 10,11 and 30 day mortality after detection of blood borne bacterial infection. 15 A large amount of work exists on exercise and immunity 25 that has described a "J" shaped association between exercise and infection with optimal protection at moderate levels of activity. Nevertheless, this body of work has been traditionally based on convenience samples or elite athlete populations with soft end points such as upper respiratory tract infections.…”

“…12,13 In sepsis cases overweight, but not obesity, was associated with lower risk of mortality. 6 Other cohort data have suggested that overweight and obesity is associated with higher risk of respiratory and skin infections, 14 higher 30 day mortality risk after detection of blood borne bacterial infection, 15 whilst protective against viral and fungal infections. 14 The aim of the present study was to examine associations between multiple lifestyle risk factors, obesity (both from BMI and waist measures) and infectious disease mortality in a large general population cohort.…”

The Perfect Storm: Coronavirus (Covid-19) Pandemic Meets Overfat Pandemic

“…The overfat condition itself is a significant yet little discussed risk factor in infectious viral diseases (9,10), with overfat negatively affecting immune function and host defense mechanisms (11). It has been shown that both viral and bacterial pathogenesis is adversely altered in overfat hosts (11)(12)(13)(14). While the viral infections all have different responses in human hosts, albeit similar, hospitals, and other critical care centers are applying their knowledge and skills concerning influenza to those with Covid-19 until more data and research is available specific to the Covid-19 virus (15).…”