Associations of medium and long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with blood pressure in Hispanic and non-Hispanic smokers and nonsmokers

Zehr, Kayla R.; Segovia, Allison; Shah, Meera; Walsh-Wilcox, Mary T.; Brumbach, Barbara H.; Anderson, Joe R.; Walker, Mary

doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2019.04.003

“…Several lifestyle variables were also associated with n 3-PUFA biostatus. Consistent with the literature ( 28 , 33 , 42 , 48 – 50 ) , we found a strong negative influence of smoking on the n 3-PUFA biostatus. Increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, caused by smoking, may destroy long-chain PUFA such as EPA and DHA in cell membrane phospholipids and, thus, influence their levels in the body ( 51 , 52 ) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Estimation and predictors of the Omega-3 Index in the UK Biobank

Tintle

¹

,

Westra²,

Harris

³

2022

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Information on the Omega-3 Index (O3I) in the United Kingdom (UK) are scarce. The UK-Biobank (UKBB) contains data on total plasma omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA%) and DHA% measured by NMR. The aim of our study was to create an equation to estimate the O3I (eO3I) from these data. We first performed an interlaboratory experiment with 250 random blood samples in which the O3I was measured in erythrocytes by gas chromatography, and total n3% and DHA% were measured in plasma by NMR. The best predictor of eO3I included both DHA% and a derived metric, the total n3%-DHA%. Together these explained 65% of the variability (r=0.832, p<0.0001). We then estimated the O3I in 117,108 UKBB subjects and correlated it with demographic and lifestyle variables in multivariable adjusted models. The mean (SD) eO3I was 5.58% (2.35%) this UKBB cohort. Several predictors were significantly correlated with eO3I (all p<0.0001). In general order of impact and with directionality (- = inverse, + = direct): oily-fish consumption (+), fish oil supplement use (+), female sex (+), older age (+), alcohol use (+), smoking (-), higher waist circumference and BMI (-), lower socioeconomic status and less education (-). Only 20.5% of eO3I variability could be explained by predictors investigated, and oily-fish consumption accounted for 7.0% of that. With the availability of the eO3I in the UKBB cohort we will be in a position to link risk for a variety of diseases with this commonly-used and well-documented marker of n3-PUFA biostatus.

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“…Erythrocyte EPA, DHA, and ω-3 index were lower in smokers compared with non-smokers. This is consistent with reports by Zehr et al 29 . Possible explanation is that the general dietary intake of nutrients in smokers is lower than that of non-smokers 30 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Erythrocyte ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are inversely associated with the risk of oral cancer: a case-control study

Chen

¹

,

Wang

²

,

Lin

³

et al. 2020

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Objectives Evidence about ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) and oral cancer risk were limited. We aimed to evaluate the association of erythrocyte ω-3 PUFAs with the risk of oral cancer in a population from China. Methods Erythrocyte ω-3 PUFAs of 236 oral cancer patients and 300 controls were determined by gas chromatography. Restricted cubic spline and logistic regression were used to analyze the association between erythrocyte ω-3 PUFAs and oral cancer risk. The crude and adjusted OR with 95% CI was calculated. Stratification analysis was performed to explore the potential interaction between ω-3 PUFAs and other traditional risk factors such as smoking and drinking. Results Eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA), docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) and ω-3 index were negatively but non-linearly related to risk of oral cancer as observed by restricted cubic spline. The adjusted OR of EPA, DHA, and ω-3 index were 0.52 (95% CI: 0.35–0.76), 0.19 (95% CI: 0.08–0.44), 0.20 (95% CI: 0.09–0.44), respectively. Stratification analysis showed that the adverse correlation between EPA and oral cancer was only significant in the non-smoking group, while the adverse correlation of ɑ-linolenic acid (ALA), EPA, and DHA were only significant in the non-drinking group. General multiplicative interactions were observed between ω-3 PUFAs and smoking or drinking. Conclusions Adverse but non-linear associations were observed between erythrocyte EPA, DHA, ω-3 index, and oral cancer risk. Additionally, there were multiplicative interactions between ω-3 PUFAs and other behavior factors such as smoking and drinking. The protective effect of ω-3 PUFAs maybe more significant in the non-smoking or non-drinking population.

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“…Several lifestyle variables were also associated with n3 PUFA biostatus. Consistent with the literature (24,28,36,42–44) , we found a strong negative influence of smoking on the n3 PUFA biostatus. Increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, caused by smoking, may destroy long chain PUFAs such as EPA and DHA in cell membrane phospholipids and, thus, influence their levels in the body (45,46) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Determinants of the Omega-3 Index in the UK Biobank

Tintle

¹

,

Westra²,

Harris

³

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Information on the Omega-3 Index (O3I) in the United Kingdom (UK) are scarce. The UK-Biobank (UKBB) contains data on total plasma omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA%) and DHA% measured by NMR. The aim of our study was to create an equation to estimate the O3I (eO3I) from these data. We first performed an interlaboratory experiment with 250 random blood samples in which the O3I was measured in erythrocytes by gas chromatography, and total n3% and DHA% were measured in plasma by NMR. The best predictor of eO3I included both DHA% and a derived metric, the total n3%-DHA%. Together these explained 65% of the variability (r=0.832, p<0.0001). We then estimated the O3I in 117,108 UKBB subjects and correlated it with demographic and lifestyle variables in multivariable adjusted models. The mean (SD) eO3I was 5.58% (2.35%) this UKBB cohort. Several predictors were significantly correlated with eO3I (all p<0.0001). In general order of impact and with directionality (- = inverse, + = direct): oily-fish consumption (+), fish oil supplement use (+), female sex (+), older age (+), alcohol use (+), smoking (-), higher waist circumference and BMI (-), lower socioeconomic status and less education (-). Only 20.5% of eO3I variability could be explained by predictors investigated, and oily-fish consumption accounted for 7.0% of that. With the availability of the eO3I in the UKBB cohort we will be in a position to link risk for a variety of diseases with this commonly-used and well-documented marker of n3-PUFA biostatus.

show abstract

Associations of medium and long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with blood pressure in Hispanic and non-Hispanic smokers and nonsmokers

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Estimation and predictors of the Omega-3 Index in the UK Biobank

Estimation and predictors of the Omega-3 Index in the UK Biobank

Erythrocyte ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are inversely associated with the risk of oral cancer: a case-control study

Determinants of the Omega-3 Index in the UK Biobank

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