Associations of Lower-Body Fat Mass with Favorable Profile of Lipoproteins and Adipokines in Healthy, Slim Women in Early Adulthood

Abstract

Aim:We determined the association of lower-body fat mass (LFM) and trunk fat mass (TFM) with cardiometabolic risk factors and adipokines in young, healthy, slim women. Methods: A total of 481 college female students underwent the following: regional body fat distribution as assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), a 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and fasting blood sampling for measurement of lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins (apo), liver enzymes and adipokines. Results: After adjusting for TFM, LFM was positively associated with HDL cholesterol, adiponectin, pre-heparin lipoprotein lipase and insulin sensitivity, as estimated by the Matsuda index, whereas it was negatively related to triglycerides, apo B, apo B/A1 ratio, small dense LDL, FFA, glucose and insulin at 2h during OGTT, area under the curve of insulin response during OGTT and the white blood cell count. Participants were divided into 9 groups according to tertiles of TFM and LFM. In the middle tertile of TFM, HDL cholesterol and adiponectin increased and triglycerides, apoB/A1 ratio and plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 decreased from the low to high LFM tertiles. Gammaglutamyltransferase levels in middle and high LFM tertiles were lower than in the lower LFM tertile. Conclusion: For a given level of trunk fat mass, a higher lower-body fat mass is associated with an advantageous profile of not only blood lipoproteins but also serum adipokines, even in healthy, slim women in early adulthood. J Atheroscler Thromb, 2011; 18:365-372.

FTO, Abdominal Adiposity, Fasting Hyperglycemia Associated with Elevated HbA1c in Japanese Middle-Aged Women

“…In the present study, genotype AA was related to abdominal adiposity in middle-aged mothers but not in young women. Waist circumference, intra-abdominal and trunk fat are positively 17,[26][27][28] , whereas lowerbody fat is negatively associated with cardiometabolic risk factors 17,27,28) . In the current study, as compared to young women, middle-aged mothers had a greater amount of trunk fat but a similar amount of lowerbody fat (Table 1), confirming the adverse effects of central or abdominal fat accumulation on cardiometabolic risk factors.…”

“…The characteristics of the students and mothers were described in detail elsewhere 17,18) . Genomic DNA was available in 454 out of 481 students and 132 out of 148 mothers.…”

“…After an overnight fast, body weight, height, abdominal girth and blood pressure were measured following standard procedures 17,18) and BMI was calculated. Thereafter, blood samples were obtained from the cubital vein.…”

“…Whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (QDR-2000, software version 7.20D; Hologic, Waltham, MA) was used to measure lean tissue mass, fat mass, and bone mineral mass for the arms, lower-body, trunk and the total body 17,18) . Plasma glucose, serum insulin, lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, adipokines and inflammatory markers were assayed as previously reported 17,18) . Insulin resistance was determined by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) using fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels 19) as follows:…”

Experiences of Health Related Lifestyles in High Body Fat but Non-obese Female College Students in Korea

“…These symptoms usually accompany emotional problems. Previous studies reported risks of cardiovascular disease [20] and metabolic syndrome [7]. In a domestic study, 30% of body fat was estimated as a risk point of cardiovascular disease for women [21].…”