Associations of Harsh Physical Punishment and Child Maltreatment in Childhood With Antisocial Behaviors in Adulthood

Afifi, Tracie O.; Fortier, Janique; Sareen, Jitender; Taillieu, Tamara

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7374

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Additionally, this study contributes to the literature, by examining the clinical entity of complex and severe depression, which demands specialized, multidisciplinary, and highly intensive mental health care (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2009). Furthermore, we found that harsh physical punishment and sexual contact with a nonrelative were independently associated to these complex clinical presentations of depression in adulthood, confirming the deleterious long‐term mental health outcomes of these specific types of childhood and adolescent traumatic events (Afifi et al, 2014, 2019; Hailes et al, 2019; Ng et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

The contribution of early adverse stress to complex and severe depression in depressed outpatients

Gloger

Vöhringer

Chacón

et al. 2021

Depression and Anxiety

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Background To assess whether linear effects or threshold effects best describe the association between early adverse stress (EAS) and complex and severe depression (i.e., depression with treatment resistance, psychotic symptoms, and/or suicidal ideation), and to examine the attributable risk of complex and severe depression associated with EAS. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted using deidentified clinical data (on demographics, presence of complex and severe depression, and exposure to seven types of EAS) from 1,013 adults who were seen in an outpatient mental health clinic in Santiago, Chile, for a major depressive episode. Multivariate logistic regressions were fitted to estimate odds ratios (ORs), using a bootstrap approach to compute 95% bias‐corrected confidence intervals (95% BC CIs). A detailed examination of the cumulative risk score and calculations of the attributable risk was conducted. Results Exposure to at least five EASs was reported by 3.6% of the sample. In the multivariate logistic regression models, there was a marked increase in the odds of having complex and severe depression associated with exposure to at least five EASs (OR = 4.24; 95% BC CI: 1.25 to 9.09), according to a threshold effect. The attributable risk of complex and severe depression associated with exposure to at least one EAS was 36.8% (95% BC CI: 17.7 to 55.9). Conclusions High levels of EAS distinctively contribute to complex clinical presentations of depression in adulthood. Patients with complex clinical presentations of depression and history of EAS should need a differentiated treatment approach, particularly those having high levels of EAS.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

The contribution of early adverse stress to complex and severe depression in depressed outpatients

Gloger

Vöhringer

Chacón

et al. 2021

Depression and Anxiety

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“…A crosssectional study of more than 36 000 US men and women suggested that nearly half of antisocial behaviours in adults could be accounted for by harsh physical punishment or maltreatment when they were children. 128 Society has a responsibility to protect children from violence within families, but worldwide govern ment intervention into intimate family situations for child maltreatment falls heaviest on marginalised popu lations, including indigenous families, and racial and sexual minorities. Further, domestic violence is more concentrated in communities that experience poverty and street violence and have poor access to services, yet the harm done to children by family separation, particularly for indigenous and minority populations, must also be understood as a type of structural violence.…”

Section: Families' Rights and Responsibilities In Nurturing Their Chimentioning

confidence: 99%

A future for the world's children? A WHO–UNICEF–Lancet Commission

Clark¹,

Coll-Seck

Banerjee³

et al. 2020

The Lancet

693

597

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Despite dramatic improvements in survival, nutrition, and education over recent decades, today's children face an uncertain future. Climate change, ecological degradation, migrating populations, conflict, pervasive inequalities, and predatory commercial practices threaten the health and future of children in every country. In 2015, the world's countries agreed on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), yet nearly 5 years later, few countries have recorded much progress towards achieving them. This Commission presents the case for placing children, aged 0-18 years, at the centre of the SDGs: at the heart of the concept of sustainability and our shared human endeavour. Governments must harness coalitions across sectors to overcome ecological and commercial pressures to ensure children receive their rights and entitlements now and a liveable planet in the years to come.

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“…Such experiences include emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; household dysfunction; and neglect. Research studies from high-income countries (HICs) have shown robust associations between ACEs and adverse mental health outcomes in adulthood, including antisocial behaviors [ 8 ], adult life stress [ 9 ], smoking [ 10 ], problematic substance use [ 11 ], depression [ 12 ], and suicide [ 13 ]. Research has found that ACEs increase children and adolescents’ risk of having low resilience factors [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse childhood experiences, adult depression, and suicidal ideation in rural Uganda: A cross-sectional, population-based study

et al. 2021

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Background Depression is recognized globally as a leading cause of disability. Early-life adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been shown to have robust associations with poor mental health during adulthood. These effects may be cumulative, whereby a greater number of ACEs are progressively associated with worse outcomes. This study aimed to estimate the associations between ACEs and adult depression and suicidal ideation in a cross-sectional, population-based study of adults in Uganda. Methods and findings Between 2016 and 2018, research assistants visited the homes of 1,626 adult residents of Nyakabare Parish, a rural area in southwestern Uganda. ACEs were assessed using a modified version of the Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire, and depression symptom severity and suicidal ideation were assessed using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist for Depression (HSCL-D). We applied a validated algorithm to determine major depressive disorder diagnoses. Overall, 1,458 participants (90%) had experienced at least one ACE, 159 participants (10%) met criteria for major depressive disorder, and 28 participants (1.7%) reported suicidal ideation. We fitted regression models to estimate the associations between cumulative number of ACEs and depression symptom severity (linear regression model) and major depressive disorder and suicidal ideation (Poisson regression models). In multivariable regression models adjusted for age, sex, primary school completion, marital status, self-reported HIV status, and household asset wealth, the cumulative number of ACEs was associated with greater depression symptom severity (b = 0.050; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.039–0.061, p < 0.001) and increased risk for major depressive disorder (adjusted relative risk [ARR] = 1.190; 95% CI, 1.109–1.276; p < 0.001) and suicidal ideation (ARR = 1.146; 95% CI, 1.001–1.311; p = 0.048). We assessed the robustness of our findings by probing for nonlinearities and conducting analyses stratified by age. The limitations of the study include the reliance on retrospective self-report as well as the focus on ACEs that occurred within the household. Conclusions In this whole-population, cross-sectional study of adults in rural Uganda, the cumulative number of ACEs had statistically significant associations with depression symptom severity, major depressive disorder, and suicidal ideation. These findings highlight the importance of developing and implementing policies and programs that safeguard children, promote mental health, and prevent trajectories toward psychosocial disability.

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Associations of Harsh Physical Punishment and Child Maltreatment in Childhood With Antisocial Behaviors in Adulthood

Cited by 35 publications

References 37 publications

The contribution of early adverse stress to complex and severe depression in depressed outpatients

The contribution of early adverse stress to complex and severe depression in depressed outpatients

A future for the world's children? A WHO–UNICEF–Lancet Commission

Adverse childhood experiences, adult depression, and suicidal ideation in rural Uganda: A cross-sectional, population-based study

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