Associations of Grip Strength and Change in Grip Strength With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in a European Older Population

Abstract

Objective:(1) To examine the associations between 3 measures of grip strength: static grip strength, change in grip strength, and the combination of grip strength and its change, with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and (2) to determine which measure is the most powerful predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among the European older population.Method:Data come from the first 4 waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). A Cox proportional hazard model and a competing risk regression model were used to assess the associations. To determine the best predictor, Akaike information criterion was applied.Results:Grip strength and the combination of grip strength and its change were associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Change in grip strength was correlated with only all-cause mortality. Among the 3 measures, the static measure of grip strength was the best predictor of cardiovascular mortality whereas the combined measure is that of all-cause mortality.Discussion:Grip strength is a significant indicator of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. The combination of grip strength and its change can be used to increase the accuracy for prediction of all-cause mortality among older persons.

Associations of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Muscular Strength with Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults

“…Similarly, when comparing the lowest strength quintile to the middle (3rd) quintile, there was a 38% (95% CI 1.01-1.88) and 54% (95% CI 1.20-1.98) increased risk of all-cause mortality, in men and women 65-74 years old, respectively (Sasaki et al, 2007). Grip strength is associated with all-cause and CVD mortality, and is consistently a stronger predictor of the latter in older adults (Karlsen et al, 2017;Ling et al, 2010;Prasitsiriphon & Pothisiri, 2018;Sasaki et al, 2007).…”

“…Grip strength is commonly used as an indicator of MS, and often to stratify risk based on MS (Kozakai, 2017;Leong et al, 2015). A clear association between MS and longevity has been established using grip strength (Karlsen, Nauman, Dalen, Langhammer, & Wisløff, 2017;Leong et al, 2015;Ling et al, 2010;Prasitsiriphon & Pothisiri, 2018;Sasaki, Kasagi, Yamada, & Fujita, 2007). Grip strength is also associated with cardiometabolic risk, blood pressure, blood lipids, fasting glucose, metabolic syndrome, stroke and coronary heart disease, like other measures of MS (1 repetition maximum, isometric contractions, etc.)…”

A Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of the ACTLIFE Exercise Program for Women with Post-menopausal Osteoporosis: Study Protocol

“…For these measures, the Delos Postural Proprioceptive System®(Delos S.r.l., Torino) were used. For muscle force, the hand grip [44,45] was bilaterally measured by Hydraulic Hand Jamar Dynamometer®. This measure has been strongly associated to frailty in elderly population [44].…”

“…For muscle force, the hand grip [44,45] was bilaterally measured by Hydraulic Hand Jamar Dynamometer®. This measure has been strongly associated to frailty in elderly population [44]. The occiput-wall distance was used to estimate postural alignment [46].…”

A New and Simple Prediction Equation for Health-Related Fitness: Use of Honest Assessment Predictive Modeling

“…The five components of health-related fitness are cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, body composition, and flexibility [1]. These fitness components are considered health-related because of their strong ties to health outcomes, such as coronary heart disease [2,3,4,5,6], cancer [7,8,9], stroke [10], and all-cause mortality [11,12,13]. Despite the strong connections between health-related fitness and health, many adults remain unfit [14,15,16].…”