Associations of food reinforcement and food- related inhibitory control with adiposity and weight gain in children and adolescents

Loch, Lucy K.; Tanofsky‐Kraff, Marian; Parker, Megan N.; Haynes, Hannah; Te-Vazquez, Jennifer; Bloomer, Bess F.; Lazareva, Julia; Moursi, Nasreen A.; Nwosu, Ejike E.; Yang, Shanna; Turner, Sara A.; Brady, Sheila M.; Bowling, Andrea I.; Chen, Kong Y.; Yanovski, Jack A.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114198

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Studies including rigorous measures of both food-specific and general regulation in predicting diet and weight trajectories are currently lacking, leaving a potentially important question regarding optimal intervention targets unanswered. On the one hand, deficits in food-specific inhibitory control are highly correlated with generic inhibitory control (r = 0.70) [28], suggesting that the two constructs are highly related, as one would expect. However, there is also evidence that response inhibition training with high-calorie foods produces weight loss compared to a control condition that completed the same response inhibition training with non-food images [70][71][72].…”

Section: Reward X Regulationmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Third, a more limited set of studies has examined interactions between reward sensitivity and regulation in predicting diet and weight trajectories. For example, in a rare study explicitly testing the interaction between the relative reinforcing value of food and inhibitory control, Loch and colleagues [28] reported that this interaction did not significantly predict the change in adiposity over three years in a sample of children and adolescents. However, rigorous large-sample studies, leveraging neural measures to explore interactions between reward sensitivity and regulation in predicting eating behavior and obesity trajectories, are needed.…”

Section: The Neural Vulnerabilities Model Extensions and Supporting L...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contextualizing the Neural Vulnerabilities Model of Obesity

Nelson

Stice

2023

Nutrients

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In recent years, investigators have focused on neural vulnerability factors that increase the risk of unhealthy weight gain, which has provided a useful organizing structure for obesity neuroscience research. However, this framework, and much of the research it has informed, has given limited attention to contextual factors that may interact with key vulnerabilities to impact eating behaviors and weight gain. To fill this gap, we propose a Contextualized Neural Vulnerabilities Model of Obesity, extending the existing theory to more intentionally incorporate contextual factors that are hypothesized to interact with neural vulnerabilities in shaping eating behaviors and weight trajectories. We begin by providing an overview of the Neural Vulnerabilities Model of Obesity, and briefly review supporting evidence. Next, we suggest opportunities to add contextual considerations to the model, including incorporating environmental and developmental context, emphasizing how contextual factors may interact with neural vulnerabilities to impact eating and weight. We then synthesize earlier models and new extensions to describe a Contextualized Neural Vulnerabilities Model of Obesity with three interacting components—food reward sensitivity, top-down regulation, and environmental factors—all within a developmental framework that highlights adolescence as a key period. Finally, we propose critical research questions arising from the framework, as well as opportunities to inform novel interventions.

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