Associations of Dietary Vitamin A and Beta-Carotene Intake With Depression. A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Abstract

ObjectiveTo clarify the associations of dietary vitamin A and beta-carotene intake with depression based on a meta-analysis of observational studies.MethodsAn extensive literature search on February 2022 (PubMed, Web of Science and Embase) was employed to identify observational studies on the associations of dietary vitamin A and beta-carotene intake with depression. The pooled relative risk (RR) of depression for the highest vs. lowest dietary vitamin A and beta-carotene intake category, and the standard mean difference (SMD) of dietary vitamin A and beta-carotene intake for depression vs. control subjects, were calculated.ResultsA total of 25 observational studies (100,955 participants), which included 24 cross-sectional/case-control and 1 prospective cohort study, were included in this study. The overall multi-variable adjusted RR demonstrated that dietary vitamin A intake was inversely associated with depression (RR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.70–1.00; P = 0.05). In addition, the combined SMD showed that the dietary vitamin A intake in depression was also lower than that in control subjects (SMD = −0.13, 95%CI: −0.18 to −0.07; P < 0.001). On the other hand, the overall multi-variable adjusted RR indicated that dietary beta-carotene intake was negatively associated with depression (RR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.55–0.72; P < 0.001). The combined SMD showed that the dietary beta-carotene intake in depression was also lower than that in control subjects (SMD = −0.34, 95%CI: −0.48 to −0.20; P < 0.001).ConclusionOur results suggest that both dietary vitamin A and beta-carotene intake is inversely associated with depression. However, due to the limited evidence, further prospective cohort studies are still needed.

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“…They reported that beta-carotene intake may be inversely associated with the risk of depressive symptoms in the US adults (35) . The findings of the present study are also supported by the findings of the meta-analysis by Zhang et al who reported that beta-carotene intake is inversely associated with depression (36) .…”

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“…Salah satu penanganan gejala depresi yaitu dengan pengaturan pola makan. Tanda gejala depresi seseorang dapat menjadi lebih parah apabila pengaturan pola makan salah sehingga menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan gizi dalam tubuh salah satu diataranya adalah kekurang vitamin C, vitamin E dan beta karoten (9,11,15). Saat kondisi stres terjadi peningkatan produksi dan mobilisasi adrenal, pemanfaatan vitamin dan mineral, mis.…”

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