Associations of Dietary Lipid-Soluble Micronutrients with Hepatic Steatosis among Adults in the United States

Chai, Weiwen; Eaton, Sarah Elaine; Rasmussen, Heather; Tao, Meng Hua

doi:10.3390/biomedicines9091093

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, research suggests that sex is an important factor associated with hepatic physiology and pathology [ 11 ]. Our previous study also found significantly higher rates of hepatic steatosis in men than in women [ 10 ]. Therefore, based on the criteria for the new nomenclature and definition of MASLD, the current study examined the overall and sex-specific associations of serum levels of lipid-soluble micronutrients including α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, retinol (vitamin A), 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D), and six major carotenoids (α-carotene β-carotene, α-cryptoxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, combined lutein and zeaxanthin, and lycopene) with MASLD among adults in the United States, utilizing 2017–2018 Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…We previously assessed associations between the dietary intakes of major lipid-soluble micronutrients and hepatic steatosis with the adjustment of most of the cardiometabolic risk factors (history of diabetes, history of hypertension, BMI, etc.) [ 10 ]. Thus, in this study, we further examined the associations of serum levels of lipid-soluble micronutrients with newly defined MASLD, which would provide a more complete picture for understanding the relationships between micronutrients and the disease condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The daily intakes of dietary micronutrients were estimated from 24 h recall. The method for determining dietary micronutrients was described in our previously published research [ 10 ]. Correlations were not assessed for γ-tocopherol and α-cryptoxanthin because no direct data were available for dietary intake of these two micronutrients.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of these micronutrients also function as antioxidants neutralizing free radicals and lowering oxidative stress [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. In our recently published research, we assessed the dietary intake of lipid-soluble micronutrients with hepatic steatosis and observed that dietary α-tocopherol (the predominant form of vitamin E) and β-carotene intakes were inversely associated with the odds of having the disease condition [ 10 ]. However, micronutrients in the diet may not be directly reflected in blood and tissue content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overall and Sex-Specific Associations of Serum Lipid-Soluble Micronutrients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease among Adults in the United States

Chai,

Tao

2024

Nutrients

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This study examined overall and sex-specific associations of serum lipid-soluble micronutrients including α- and γ-tocopherols, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D), retinol, and six major carotenoids with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic lever disease (MASLD) using the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This analysis included 3956 adults (1991 men, 1965 women) aged ≥ 20 years. Steatotic liver disease was determined through transient elastography examination. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for MASLD associated with micronutrients were estimated using logistic regressions. Higher serum α-tocopherol (highest vs. lowest quartile: OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.05–2.22, p = 0.03) and γ-tocopherol (highest vs. lowest quartile: OR = 4.15, 95% CI = 3.00–5.74, p < 0.0001) levels were associated with increased odds of MASLD. Higher serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with reduced odds of MASLD (highest vs. lowest quartile: OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.27–0.61, p = 0.0001). Inverse associations with the condition were also observed for carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, α-cryptoxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, combined lutein and zeaxanthin, and lycopene) in the serum (Ps < 0.05). The results were comparable between men and women, except for those on α-tocopherol, for which a positive association was only observed for men (p = 0.01). Our results suggest potential protective associations of serum 25(OH)D and carotenoids with MASLD. The positive associations between tocopherols and MASLD may reflect pathophysiological conditions associated with the condition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overall and Sex-Specific Associations of Serum Lipid-Soluble Micronutrients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease among Adults in the United States

Chai,

Tao

2024

Nutrients

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“…Administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of spinach reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and enhanced the expression of PPAR-γ in the livers of NAFLD rats at prevention and treatment phases [ 106 ]. Dietary vitamin E such as α-tocopherol has potential protective effects against steatosis [ 107 ].…”

Section: Treatment Options For Nafld and Nash Based On Modulation Of Gut Microbiota Intrahepatic Immunity And Metabolic Signaling Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and Gut Microbiota Interaction-Derived Metabolites and Intrahepatic Immune Response in NAFLD Development and Treatment

Yang

Khoukaz

et al. 2021

Biomedicines

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with pathogenesis ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to the advanced form of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) affects about 25% of the global population. NAFLD is a chronic liver disease associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, which is the most increasing factor that causes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although advanced progress has been made in exploring the pathogenesis of NAFLD and penitential therapeutic targets, no therapeutic agent has been approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States. Gut microbiota-derived components and metabolites play pivotal roles in shaping intrahepatic immunity during the progression of NAFLD or NASH. With the advance of techniques, such as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), each subtype of immune cells in the liver has been studied to explore their roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In addition, new molecules involved in gut microbiota-mediated effects on NAFLD are found. Based on these findings, we first summarized the interaction of diet-gut microbiota-derived metabolites and activation of intrahepatic immunity during NAFLD development and progression. Treatment options by targeting gut microbiota and important molecular signaling pathways are then discussed. Finally, undergoing clinical trials are selected to present the potential application of treatments against NAFLD or NASH.

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Vitamin E intake is inversely associated with NAFLD measured by liver ultrasound transient elastography

Qi,

Guo,

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases, whose severe form is associated with oxidative stress. Vitamin E as an antioxidant has a protective potential in NAFLD. Whether dietary intake of vitamin E, supplementary vitamin E use, and total vitamin E have a preventive effect on NAFLD requires investigation. A cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017–2020) was conducted. Vitamin E intake, including dietary vitamin E, supplementary vitamin E use, and total vitamin E, was obtained from the average of two 24-h dietary recall interviews. The extent of hepatic steatosis was measured by liver ultrasound transient elastography and presented as controlled attenuated parameter (CAP) scores. Participants were diagnosed with NAFLD based on CAP threshold values of 288 dB/m and 263 dB/m. The statistical software R and survey-weighted statistical models were used to examine the association between vitamin E intake and hepatic steatosis and NAFLD. Overall, 6122 participants were included for NAFLD analysis. After adjusting for age, gender, race, poverty level index, alcohol consumption, smoking status, vigorous recreational activity, body mass index, abdominal circumference, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and supplementary vitamin E use, dietary vitamin E was inversely associated with NAFLD. The corresponding odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of NAFLD for dietary vitamin E intake as continuous and the highest quartile were 0.9592 (0.9340–0.9851, P = 0.0039) and 0.5983 (0.4136–0.8654, P = 0.0091) (Ptrend = 0.0056). Supplementary vitamin E was significantly inversely associated with NAFLD (fully adjusted model: OR = 0.6565 95% CI 0.4569–0.9432, P = 0.0249). A marginal improvement in total vitamin E for NAFLD was identified. The ORs (95% CIs, P) for the total vitamin E intake as continuous and the highest quartile in the fully adjusted model were 0.9669 (0.9471–0.9871, P = 0.0029) and 0.6743 (0.4515–1.0071, P = 0.0538). Sensitivity analysis indicated these findings were robust. The protective effects of vitamin E significantly differed in the stratum of hyperlipidemia (Pinteraction < 0.05). However, no statistically significant results were identified when the threshold value was set as 263 dB/m. Vitamin E intake, encompassing both dietary and supplemental forms, as well as total vitamin E intake, demonstrated a protective association with NAFLD. Augmenting dietary intake of vitamin E proves advantageous in the prevention of NAFLD, particularly among individuals devoid of hyperlipidemia.

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Associations of Dietary Lipid-Soluble Micronutrients with Hepatic Steatosis among Adults in the United States

Cited by 3 publications

References 66 publications

Overall and Sex-Specific Associations of Serum Lipid-Soluble Micronutrients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease among Adults in the United States

Overall and Sex-Specific Associations of Serum Lipid-Soluble Micronutrients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease among Adults in the United States

Diet and Gut Microbiota Interaction-Derived Metabolites and Intrahepatic Immune Response in NAFLD Development and Treatment

Vitamin E intake is inversely associated with NAFLD measured by liver ultrasound transient elastography

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