Associations of Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors With the Intermediate Lesion of Atherosclerosis in Youth

McGill, Henry C.; McMahan, C. Alex; Zieske, Arthur W.; Sloop, Gregory D.; Walcott, Jamie V.; Troxclair, Dana; Malcom, Gray T.; Tracy, Richard E.; Oalmann, Margaret C.; Strong, Jack P.

doi:10.1161/01.atv.20.8.1998

Cited by 351 publications

(255 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…There are pathological studies indicating that atherosclerotic lesions begin even in childhood. 37,38 Several investigators have demonstrated that baPWV showed a significant correlation with MAP in young adults 18,36 and with SBP and DBP in children. 35,39 In the Bogalusa Heart Study, Li et al 34 reported that childhood blood pressure was a predictor of arterial stiffness in adulthood.…”

Section: Macroscopic and Microscopic Findings Of The Aortamentioning

confidence: 99%

To what extent does aortic pulse wave velocity estimate early atherosclerosis in Kurosawa and Kusanagi-hypercholesterolemic rabbits?

et al. 2011

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Pulse wave velocity (PWV), an index of arterial stiffness, is dependent not only on structural alterations in arterial wall but also on distending pressure, which could be related to wall distensibility. We investigated the efficacy of aortic PWV (AoPWV) for detecting early to moderate atherosclerosis in Kurosawa and Kusanagi-hypercholesterolemic (KHC) rabbits. Pressure waves were recorded at the ascending, and proximal and distal abdominal aortas in 13 male normal and KHC rabbits aged 12 months under pentobarbital anesthesia when angiotensin II or sodium nitroprusside was infused intravenously. AoPWV was compared between the two rabbit groups at different mean arterial pressure (MAP) levels. Vascular diameter (D m ) was measured using an intravascular ultrasound imaging system in the proximal thoracic and proximal abdominal aortas to determine pressure-strain elastic modulus (E p ). AoPWV was correlated to MAP in the two rabbit groups (Po0.001). AoPWV was slightly but significantly greater (o0.5 m s À1 ) in the KHC rabbit group than in the normal rabbit group at MAP level 480 mm Hg (Po0.01). The value of h/D m (h, wall thickness) was significantly high in the KHC rabbit group at any MAP level (Po0.001) in these aortic regions. There was no significant difference in E p and D m between the two rabbit groups at any MAP level. AoPWV showed only a slight but significant increase in the young KHC rabbits at different MAP levels, which was mainly due to the increased h/D m . AoPWV could underestimate aortic stiffness due to early to moderate atherosclerosis if AoPWV was adjusted for arterial pressure level.

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Section: Macroscopic and Microscopic Findings Of The Aortamentioning

confidence: 99%

To what extent does aortic pulse wave velocity estimate early atherosclerosis in Kurosawa and Kusanagi-hypercholesterolemic rabbits?

et al. 2011

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“…5,6 Some studies have shown that severe obesity in teenagers is associated with an adverse metabolic profile 7,8 and produces endothelial dysfunction and reduced arterial distensibility. 9,10 Furthermore, the early structural changes are a sign of an increased risk of developing atherosclerosis in adulthood. 11,12 These observations emphasize not only the importance of strategies to control obesity and its metabolic consequences but also the need to evaluate arterial wall properties early in life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of obesity and metabolic risk variables on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in healthy adolescents

et al. 2008

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Measurement of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is recognized as a simple and practical method for assessing arterial stiffness. We determined whether the baPWV of adolescents is affected by obesity and its associated metabolic risk variables. A cross-sectional sample of 754 apparently healthy adolescents (383 men and 371 women), aged 15-17 years, was recruited for this study. baPWV was measured by a simple automatic oscillometric technique. Adiposity measures, blood pressure, serum lipoproteins, fasting glucose and insulin were evaluated. The baPWV of the adolescents was significantly higher in men than in women and increased with age in both genders. After being statistically adjusted for age and gender, baPWV was significantly correlated with body mass index, percent body fat, waistto-height ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, mean arterial pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), atherogenic index, glucose, insulin, and homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In the multivariate regression analysis, mean arterial pressure, atherogenic index, HOMA-IR, systolic blood pressure and age were found to be significant determinants of baPWV (Po0.001). An increasing number of clustered risk variables, including high values (4gender-specific top quartiles) of waist-toheight ratio, mean arterial pressure, atherogenic index and HOMA-IR showed a graded association with baPWV (Po0.001 for trend). These results suggest that obesity and its associated metabolic abnormalities are important factors in the increased baPWV of adolescents and that baPWV may be useful in investigating early arterial wall changes in this population.

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“…Aortic calcification (AC) can also be evaluated by EBT and has been related to cardiovascular disease (Reavan and Sacks, 2005). CaC is greater among men than women and increases with age (Hoff et al, 2001), but AC is similar or more prevalent in women than in men (Danielson et al 1996;McGill et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premenopausal risk factors for coronary and aortic calcification: A 20-year follow-up in the healthy women study

Matthews

Kuller

Chang

et al. 2007

Preventive Medicine

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Objective-It is important to understand the early development of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women to prevent costly morbidity and mortality associated with CVD events.Methods-363 women enrolled in the Healthy Women Study, Allegheny County PA had electron beam tomography measures of coronary (CaC) and aortic (AC) calcification on average 14.6 years after study entry in 1983; 267 had a second EBT 6.4 years later, by 2006. Risk factors were assessed when women were premenopausal and five years after the menopause. Results-Step-wise logistic regression analyses showed that the independent premenopausal predictors of CaC ≥ 100 14.6 years later were low density lipoprotein cholesterol, OR= 1.15 (1.03-1.29 for 10 mg/dl) and current smoker, OR= 2.72, 1.29 -5.71. The same premenopausal risk factors were predictors of AC ≥ 500, in addition to premenopausal systolic blood pressure (SBP). Similar results were obtained for predicting calcification 20.6 years later. Postmenopausal risk factors measured 5 years prior to the initial scans were unrelated to CaC and AC, after the significant premenopausal risk factors were taken into account, except for postmenopausal SBP being related to AC. Conclusion-Premenopausal

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Associations of Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors With the Intermediate Lesion of Atherosclerosis in Youth

Cited by 351 publications

References 19 publications

To what extent does aortic pulse wave velocity estimate early atherosclerosis in Kurosawa and Kusanagi-hypercholesterolemic rabbits?

To what extent does aortic pulse wave velocity estimate early atherosclerosis in Kurosawa and Kusanagi-hypercholesterolemic rabbits?

The influence of obesity and metabolic risk variables on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in healthy adolescents

Premenopausal risk factors for coronary and aortic calcification: A 20-year follow-up in the healthy women study

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