Associations of Calcium Intake and Calcium from Various Sources with Blood Lipids in a Population of Older Women and Men with High Calcium Intake

Abstract

Promoting calcium intake is a cornerstone for osteoporosis management. Some individuals limit dairy product consumption, a major calcium source, due to their high content in saturated fats and their perceived negative impact on lipid profiles. This study explored the associations of calcium from various sources with blood lipids in community-dwelling elderly (n = 717) from the GERICO cohort. Dietary calcium intake was assessed at several timepoints using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and calcium supplement use was recorded. Blood lipids were treated as categorical variables to distinguish those with normal and abnormal levels. Increasing total calcium intake was associated with lower risks for high total cholesterol (p = 0.038) and triglycerides (p = 0.007), and low HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.010). Dairy calcium (p = 0.031), especially calcium from milk (p = 0.044) and milk-based desserts (p = 0.039), i.e., low-fat (p = 0.022) and non-fermented (p = 0.005) dairy products, were associated with a lower risk of high total cholesterol. Greater calcium intakes from total dairies (p = 0.020), milk (p = 0.020) and non-fermented dairies (p = 0.027) were associated with a lower risk of hypertriglyceridemia. No association was observed between calcium from non-dairy sources, cheese or high-fat dairies and blood lipids. Increasing calcium through supplements was associated with lower risks for hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.022) and low HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.001), but not after adjustments. Our results suggest that higher calcium intakes from dietary sources or supplements are not adversely associated with blood lipids in the elderly, whilst total, and particularly low-fat, dairy products are valuable calcium sources potentially related to favorable lipid profiles.

Association of Serum Calcium Level and Dietary Calcium Intake with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross Sectional Study

“…Diyet kalsiyum alımındaki artış, kan lipid profilindeki iyileşme ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. 17,18 Sağlık durumlarından bağımsız olarak erişkin bireylerin dâhil edildiği gözlemsel çalışmaların metaanalizinde, kalsiyum alım miktarının en yüksek olduğu kategoride, en düşük olan kategoriye kıyasla TG ve LDL-C konsantrasyonlarının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde düşük; HDL-C konsantrasyonunun ise anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu gösterilmiştir. 17 Brezilya'da sağlıklı premenopozal kadınlar (ortalama yaş=31 yıl) arasında yapılan bir çalışmada, diyet kalsiyum alım miktarının yüksek olduğu grupta (846±38 mg/gün), düşük olan gruba (420±22 mg/gün) göre HDL-C düzeyinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek olması durumu, yapılan düzeltmelerden sonra da devam ederken; TC ve LDL-C düzeyleri söz konusu gruplar arasında istatistiksel düzeyde anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemiştir.…”

“…17 Kohort çalışmadan sağlanan güncel bir kesitsel analizde de benzer çıkarımlarda bulunulmuştur. 18 Diyet kalsiyum alımındaki artış, parathormon, kalsitriol, renin ve anjiyotensin aktivitesinde azalma sağlayarak hipertansiyona ilişkin olası koruyucu bir rol üstlenmektedir. Bu hormonlar aracılı aktivitenin baskılanması, vasküler düz kas hücrelerindeki kalsiyum içeriğini azaltmaktadır.…”

Elucidating the relationship between dyslipidemia and osteoporosis: A multicenter, prospective cohort study protocol

“…Given the worldwide increased body mass index (BMI) and exponentially growing obesity rate, understanding the risk of osteoporosis in the DL population has never been more important ( 9 ). Furthermore, recent studies have also increasingly provided evidence of a strong relationship between dyslipidemia and osteoporosis ( 10 , 11 ). It is suggested that every osteoporotic patient should be screened for dyslipidemia ( 12 ).…”