“…Urbanicity indices may reflect the presence of environmental and social conditions that are more common in urban areas, such as pollution, congestion, and increased rates of social interactions. To date, various health factors have been linked to urbanicity, such as increases in overweight/obesity, increased calorie intake, decreased physical activity, increased drug and alcohol use, and mental health disorders, among many others ( Evans et al, 2020 , Rudolf et al, 2014 ; Stowe et al 2019 ). In the ABCD Study, we have linked five measures of urbanicity to residential addresses, including two density measures (population and gross residential), census-tract derived metrics classifying the locations as urban or non-urban areas, walkability, and motor vehicle information including distance to roadway and traffic volumes.…”