Associations between TV viewing at family meals and the emotional atmosphere of the meal, meal healthfulness, child dietary intake, and child weight status

Trofholz, Amanda; Tate, Allan; Miner, Michael H.; Berge, Jerica M.

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.10.018

Cited by 56 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…Besides, there is the role played by replacing meals at the family table with meals eaten in front of the TV. The family table meal is associated with higher consumption of fruits and vegetables as well as lower intake of sugary beverages by children (Christian, Evans, Hancock, Nykjaer, & Cade, ; Fink, Racine, Mueffelmann, Dean, & Herman‐Smith, ), whereas eating in front of a TV is associated with lower overall quality of children's diet (Trofholz, Tate, Miner, & Berge, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between watching TV whilst eating and children's consumption of ultraprocessed foods in United Kingdom

Martines

Machado

Neri

et al. 2019

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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This study aimed to assess the association between watching TV whilst eating and consumption of ultraprocessed foods amongst children aged 4–10 years old in the United Kingdom. Cross‐sectional data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS 2008–2012) were analysed. Dietary data were derived from 4‐day food diaries of 1,277 children, and the dietary contribution of ultraprocessed foods was assessed. Meals were classified based on time of day in which foods were consumed (lunch: 11 pm–3 pm and dinner: 6 pm–9 pm). Crude and adjusted linear regression models were employed to verify the effect of watching TV during meals on dietary contribution of ultraprocessed foods (% of total energy intake). More than 70% of the children watched TV during meals, and 31.4% presented the behaviour on both “lunch and dinner.” Children's mean total energy intake was 1,532.3 kcal/day, of which 65.8% came from ultraprocessed foods. Findings indicated that children who watched TV whilst having both meals (lunch and dinner) consumed on average 85.5 kcal/day and 6.1% more energy from ultraprocessed foods than those who did not. Children who watched TV only during dinner consumed on average 37.1 kcal/day and 3.4% more energy from ultraprocessed foods than those who did not. The behaviour of watching TV whilst eating meals was associated with higher total daily consumption of ultraprocessed foods by children in the United Kingdom. Therefore, interventions designed to promote healthy eating habits should include aspects related to the context of meals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between watching TV whilst eating and children's consumption of ultraprocessed foods in United Kingdom

Martines

Machado

Neri

et al. 2019

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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“…We chose the reference category of no TV exposure given that research has indicated that both background TV and TV engagement may have negative effects on child health. 11 As such, we were interested in whether these two separate TV use variables were predicted by early childhood factors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Childhood Risk Factors for Mealtime TV Exposure and Engagement in Low-Income Families

Domoff

Lumeng²,

Kaciroti

et al. 2017

Academic Pediatrics

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OBJECTIVE To identify whether child and mother characteristics in early childhood predict TV exposure and engagement during mealtime in middle childhood. METHODS A total of 220 low-income mother-child dyads participated. Children were 4.26 years old (SD = 0.51) at baseline and 5.94 years (SD = 0.68) at two-year follow-up. Mothers completed baseline measures of child negative emotionality and parenting practices. Family mealtimes were video-recorded and coded for background TV exposure and child TV engagement. Multinomial logistic regression tested whether child emotionality and parenting practices during early childhood predicted risk of child TV exposure or engagement during mealtime, relative to no TV use, two years later. RESULTS Children with greater negative emotionality in early childhood were more likely to engage with TV during mealtime than to have no TV. Similarly, early parenting disciplinary practices characterized by over-reactivity and laxness increased the risk for child TV engagement versus no TV during mealtime approximately two years later. CONCLUSIONS We identified two factors that associated with an increased risk for TV viewing during meals. Helping parents manage child negative emotionality using positive parenting strategies may reduce later child TV engagement and improve the quality of family mealtimes.

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“…Possible mechanisms include exposure to obesogenic food advertising (which can have both immediate effects on dietary intake, and longer term effects on fast food preferences [11,12]); adverse effects of mealtime screen use on appetite regulation and control [13]; and less parental monitoring of food consumption [14]. The social and physical context of mealtimes may have independent and/or interactive effects on children's diet, although it is not clear whether mealtime screen use compromises or promotes a positive atmosphere [15,16].…”

Section: Family Mealtime Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do bedroom screens and the mealtime environment shape different trajectories of child overweight and obesity? Research using the Growing Up in Scotland study

2019

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Objective To investigate how mealtime setting, mealtime interaction and bedroom screens are associated with different trajectories of child overweight and obesity, using a population sample. Methods Growth mixture modelling used data from children in the Growing Up in Scotland Study born in 2004/5 (boys n = 2085, girls n = 1991) to identify trajectories of overweight or obesity across four time points, from 46 to 122 months. Using data from children present at all sweeps, and combining sexes (n = 2810), mutually adjusted associations between primary exposures (mealtime setting, mealtime interaction and bedroom screens) and trajectory class were explored in multinomial models; controlling for early life factors, household organisation and routines, and children's diet patterns, overall screen use, physical activity and sleep. Results Five trajectories were identified in both sexes: Low Risk (68% of sample), Decreasing Overweight (9%), Increasing Overweight (12%), High/Stable Overweight (6%) and High/Increasing Obesity (5%). Compared with the Low Risk trajectory, High/Increasing Obesity and High/Stable Overweight trajectories were characterised by early increases in bedroom screen access (respective relative risk ratios (RRR) and 95% confidence intervals: 2.55 [1.30-5.00]; 1.62 [1.01-2.57]). An informal meal setting (involving mealtime screen use, not eating in a dining area and not sitting at a table) characterised the High/Increasing Obesity and Increasing Overweight trajectories (respective RRRs compared with Low Risk trajectory: 3.67 [1.99-6.77]; 1.75 [1.17-2.62]). Positive mealtime interaction was associated with membership of the Increasing Overweight trajectory (RRR 1.64 [1.13-2.36]). Conclusion Bedroom screen access and informal mealtime environments were associated with higher-risk overweight and obesity trajectories in a representative sample of Scottish children, after adjusting for a wide range of confounders. Findings may challenge the notion that positive mealtime interaction is protective. Promoting mealtimes in a screen-free dining area and removing screens from bedrooms may help combat childhood obesity.

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Associations between TV viewing at family meals and the emotional atmosphere of the meal, meal healthfulness, child dietary intake, and child weight status

Cited by 56 publications

References 40 publications

Association between watching TV whilst eating and children's consumption of ultraprocessed foods in United Kingdom

Association between watching TV whilst eating and children's consumption of ultraprocessed foods in United Kingdom

Early Childhood Risk Factors for Mealtime TV Exposure and Engagement in Low-Income Families

Do bedroom screens and the mealtime environment shape different trajectories of child overweight and obesity? Research using the Growing Up in Scotland study

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