Associations between the use of metformin, sulphonylureas, or diet alone and cardiovascular outcomes in 6005 people with type 2 diabetes in the FIELD study

Age, Renal Dysfunction, Cardiovascular Disease, and Antihyperglycemic Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Findings from the Renal Insufficiency and Cardiovascular Events Italian Multicenter Study

“…Lack of information about duration and dosage of treatments and drug adverse effects further limits this analysis, although in some animal models, metformin was found to be protective against CVD. In humans, longitudinal clinical studies have shown that it is protective or neutral . A recent analysis of the national Veterans Health Administration databases linked to Medicare files showed that use of sulphonylureas for initial treatment of T2DM was associated with greater risk of CVD events or death than use of metformin .…”

“…12 Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with T2DM, with impaired kidney function 13 and increasing age 14 conferring additional CVD risk. Previous studies and meta-analyses have suggested that use of sulphonylureas, particularly glibenclamide, might be associated with greater CVD burden, 15,16 but other studies failed to demonstrate this relationship, 17,18 whereas metformin was shown to be protective. 19,20 Moreover, use of glitazones is associated with greater risk of congestive heart failure (CHF), 21 and rosiglitazone was suspended because of excess all-cause and CVD mortality.…”

Association of Hypoglycemic Treatment Regimens With Cardiovascular Outcomes in Overweight and Obese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

“…Conflicting data exist regarding cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes using sulfonylurea monotherapy (29). University Group Diabetes Program study comparing insulin with placebo (30) reported that tolbutamide was associated with higher cardiovascular mortality, whereas the UKPDS found no differences in the rates of myocardial infarction between patients treated with sulfonylurea compared with insulin.…”

Sulphonylureas and risk of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Diabetic Medicine ª 2013 Diabetes UK not report results in a meta-analysable format, or did not report results statistically adjusted for confounders. A total of 33 studies were included in the overall analyses, representing 12 randomized controlled trials [5][6][7][8][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], 17 cohort studies [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] and four case-control studies [41][42][43][44].…”