Associations between the human growth hormone-releasing hormone- and neuropeptide-Y-immunoreactive systems in the human diencephalon: A possible morphological substrate of the impact of stress on growth

DelTondo, J.; Pór, István; Hu, Walter; Merchenthaler, Istvån; Semeniken, K.; Jójárt, Julianna; Dudás, Bertalan

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.02.072

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 59 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…GHRH neurons express the NPY Y2 receptor and are directly regulated by NPY [38]. NPY-immunoreactive fibers frequently form well-defined fiber baskets around GHRH neurons [39]. Moreover, fasting-induced suppression of GHRH expression was blunted in the NPY–/– mouse, indicating that NPY is essential for the fasting-related regulation of GHRH [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PDK1-FoxO1 pathway in AgRP neurons of arcuate nucleus promotes bone formation via GHRH-GH-IGF1 axis

Sasanuma¹,

Nakata

Parmila

et al. 2017

Molecular Metabolism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveIn the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons regulate feeding behavior and energy homeostasis, functions connected to bone metabolism. The 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) serves as a major signaling molecule particularly for leptin and insulin in AgRP neurons. We asked whether PDK1 in AGRP neurons also contributes to bone metabolism.MethodsWe generated AgRP neuron-specific PDK1 knockout (Agrp Pdk1−/−) mice and those with additional AgRP neuron-specific expression of transactivation-defective FoxO1 (Agrp Pdk1−/−Δ256Foxo1). Bone metabolism in KO and WT mice was analyzed by quantitative computed tomography (QCT), bone histomorphometry, measurement of plasma biomarkers, and qPCR analysis of peptides.ResultsIn Agrp Pdk1−/− female mice aged 6 weeks, compared with Agrp Cre mice, both stature and femur length were shorter while body weight was unchanged. Cortical bone mineral density (BMD) and cancellous BMD in the femur decreased, and bone formation was delayed. Furthermore, plasma GH and IGF-1 levels were reduced in parallel with decreased mRNA expressions for GH in pituitary and GHRH in ARC. Osteoblast activity was suppressed and osteoclast activity was enhanced. These changes in stature, BMD and GH level were rescued in Agrp Pdk1−/−Δ256Foxo1 mice, suggesting that the bone abnormalities and impaired GH release were mediated by enhanced Foxo1 due to deletion of PDK1.ConclusionsThis study reveals a novel role of PDK1-Foxo1 pathway of AgRP neurons in controlling bone metabolism primarily via GHRH-GH-IGF-1 axis.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PDK1-FoxO1 pathway in AgRP neurons of arcuate nucleus promotes bone formation via GHRH-GH-IGF1 axis

Sasanuma¹,

Nakata

Parmila

et al. 2017

Molecular Metabolism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The distribution and morphology of GHRH-IR neural elements have been described in our previous study [2]. Briefly, GHRH-IR neurons formed a dense, well-circumscribed cell group with the perikarya located almost exclusively in the basal part of the infundibular region (Fig.…”

Section: Human Ghrh Systemmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Previous studies described GHRHimmunoreactive (IR) perikarya located primarily in the basal infundibulum/median eminence of the rat [1] and the human hypothalamus [2]. GHRH from these neurons is released into the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal circulatory system, and influences the release of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary gland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and morphology of the juxtapositions between growth hormone-releasing hormone-(ghrh)-immunoreactive neuronal elements

Anderson

Baker

Grignol

et al. 2010

Growth Hormone & IGF Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Stress-suppressed growth hormone release has been suggested to occur through the hypothalamic neuropeptide-Y-immunoreactive system (17). As neuropeptide Y is involved in the regulation of appetite, it is possible that the differences between growth and weight gain in USN and IA children reflect how these stressful environments differentially impact the hypothalamic stress response systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth failure associated with early neglect: pilot comparison of neglected US children and international adoptees

Miller

Spratt

Himes

et al. 2015

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The long-lasting impact of different neglectful environments on growth in children is not well studied. Three groups of children, 3–10 years old, were recruited (n = 60): previously institutionalized international adoptees living in stable home environments for at least 2 years (IA; n = 15), children with a history of neglect born in the USA (USN; n = 17), and controls (n = 28). Children underwent physical examination, anthropometry, and collection of serum for growth parameters. Mean height standard deviation scores (SDS) were different (p < 0.05). Age-adjusted head circumference (HC) was significantly smaller (p < 0.05) in IAs. Insulin growth factor (IGF-1), a marker of growth hormone action, was higher in US neglected children. IGF-1 adjusted for age and weight SDS were different (p < 0.05) between control and US neglect groups. The degree of growth failure in height and HC in IAs was more severe than neglected US children. These findings may reflect differences between the impact of chronic and intermittent deprivation on the growth hormone system.

show abstract

Associations between the human growth hormone-releasing hormone- and neuropeptide-Y-immunoreactive systems in the human diencephalon: A possible morphological substrate of the impact of stress on growth

Cited by 27 publications

References 59 publications

PDK1-FoxO1 pathway in AgRP neurons of arcuate nucleus promotes bone formation via GHRH-GH-IGF1 axis

PDK1-FoxO1 pathway in AgRP neurons of arcuate nucleus promotes bone formation via GHRH-GH-IGF1 axis

Distribution and morphology of the juxtapositions between growth hormone-releasing hormone-(ghrh)-immunoreactive neuronal elements

Growth failure associated with early neglect: pilot comparison of neglected US children and international adoptees

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About