Associations between Taste and Smell Sensitivity, Preference and Quality of Life in Healthy Aging—The NutriAct Family Study Examinations (NFSE) Cohort

Lim, Xue Li; Höchenberger, Richard; Busch, Niko A.; Bergmann, Manuela M.; Ohla, Kathrin

doi:10.3390/nu14061141

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(95 reference statements)

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“…The overlapping of taste and olfactory sensations during sensory tests has been frequent, but this has not always implied a simple, unchanging relationship. This was confirmed in the latest work by Lim et al [52], which demonstrated the independence of taste and smell in young and middle-aged subjects despite their overlapping during sensory experiments.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

The Number of Fungiform Papillae, Taste Sensitivity and Smell Functions of Children Aged 11–15

Sobek

Jagielski

2022

Nutrients

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Differences in the ability to identify and perceive tastes and smells might influence food consumption and, ultimately, chronic nutrition-related conditions such as overweightness and obesity. This study aimed to investigate the associations between taste sensitivity and odour function, anthropometry, and quantity of fungiform papillae in children at age 11–15. Taste strips (4 base tastes), U-Sniff sticks (12 selected smells), and a filter paper strip impregnated with 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) were used. The photographic method was used to estimate the number of fungiform papillae (FP) on the tongue. The results showed that the quantity of FP was not related to anthropometry or gender. The taste test total scores were higher for girls, for whom the median score was 14 (12.0–15.0), than for boys, for whom the median score was 12 (9.0–13.0). Of the children, 13.9% had some difficulty in identifying odours. The Mann–Whitney U test showed that children who were most sensitive to bitter taste had more FP (p = 0.0001). The median score for this group (score = 4) was 34.0 (27.0–37.0). For those who had some problems with correctly assessing all bitter taste strips (score = 0–3), the median score was 24.0 (20.0–31.0). Higher numbers of FP were also observed in tasters, that is, people sensitive to PROP, than in nontasters. Only some measures of the taste function correlated with each other, but not very significantly. We concluded that there are multiple perceptual phases of taste, with no single measure able to entirely represent the sense of taste.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

The Number of Fungiform Papillae, Taste Sensitivity and Smell Functions of Children Aged 11–15

Sobek

Jagielski

2022

Nutrients

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“…Changes in stimulus sensitivity may be the greater, the longer the exposure time and the higher the stimulus concentration. A high-fat diet can lead to habituation and the need to increase stimulus levels to the desired quality in the mouth, leading to an increase in dietary fat intake and weight gain ( 29 , 43 ). In Di Patrizio studies, both slim and obese people on a 4-week low-fat diet showed a higher taste sensitivity to fatty acids compared to the state at the beginning of the experiment ( 44 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of the taste preferences and sensitivity of mothers and their children in the aspect of excessive body weight of children

Sobek

Dąbrowski

2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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IntroductionFood selection among adults and mostly children depends mainly on the taste of a dish. Poor taste sensitivity as well as strong preferences for sweet and fat taste may be the factors predisposing children to become overweight and/or develop obesity. Family environment, including mothers’ eating habits and preferences, may affect children’s taste perception and preferences. The aim of the study was to assess taste perception and preferences in children and their mothers in relation to their weight status.MethodsSensory tests were carried out using puddings with different sugar and fat content. In all study participants anthropometric measurements (weight and height with BMI calculation) were performed.ResultsThe study results did not reveal any differences in the taste sensitivity of overweight/obese and normative body weight children. Similarity was found in the perception of different levels of sweet/fat flavors among children and parents. Overweight/obese children were two times more likely to choose a very fat and very sweet taste compared to normal weight children. The results showed that children prefer a sweet taste more often than their mothers. Mothers’ fat taste preferences were important - the fatter the taste they selected, the greater the percentage of children with obesity.DiscussionMothers’ taste sensitivity may affect children’s perception of the quality (intensity) of flavors. Normal-weight children chose a low fat and low sweet taste more frequently than those with excess of body weight. The role of parents in shaping taste preferences is of utmost importance and should be based on limiting the consumption of products rich in sugar and/or fat.

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“…Women tend to have higher olfactory abilities than men (Sorokowski et al., 2019 ), and this is more pronounced among young and middle‐aged adults aged 18−50 (Wang et al., 2019 ). While some studies did not report gender differences in gustatory ability (Abeywickrema & Navaratne, 2018 ; Wang et al., 2020 ), others reported that women have a superior gustatory ability to men (Huang et al., 2022 ; Landis et al., 2009 ; Lim et al., 2022 ; Michon et al., 2009 ). Based on these findings, this study only included female participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory–gustatory simultaneity judgments: A preliminary study on the congruency‐dependent temporal window of multisensory binding

Gotow

Kobayakawa

2022

Brain and Behavior

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Background: A greater congruency of audio and video expands the temporal binding window (TBW). A similar phenomenon may occur with a combination of odor and taste, which are the main components of flavor.Objective: TBW is defined as the temporal resolution of synchrony perception. The larger the TBW, the lower the resolution. We hypothesized that the more congruent the odor and taste, the lower the temporal resolution of synchrony perception. Methods:To examine this hypothesis, 10 female participants performed simultaneity judgment (SJ) tasks under congruent (soy sauce odor with saline) and incongruent (cherry tree leaf odor with saline) conditions and evaluated the congruency with saltiness for the two odors. In the SJ tasks, participants reported whether odor and taste were presented simultaneously or successively. We assumed a Gaussian distribution for the temporal distributions of the simultaneous response rates and calculated the approximations. In addition, we computed the half width at half height (HWHH) as an index of TBW based on the coefficient of approximation for the temporal distribution of the simultaneous response rates.Results: HWHH was significantly larger under congruent condition than under incongruent condition. In addition, congruency with saltiness had a significant moderate positive correlation with HWHH. Conclusion:The larger the HWHH, the lower the temporal resolution of synchrony perception, supporting the hypothesis. This study suggests that the width of TBW depends on the cross-modal congruency similar to the case for audio-visual SJs.However, methodological improvements, including a larger sample size and genderindependent recruitment of participants, are essential to enhance the reliability of the findings because some of the results did not provide sufficient ESs or power.

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Associations between Taste and Smell Sensitivity, Preference and Quality of Life in Healthy Aging—The NutriAct Family Study Examinations (NFSE) Cohort

Cited by 8 publications

References 73 publications

The Number of Fungiform Papillae, Taste Sensitivity and Smell Functions of Children Aged 11–15

The Number of Fungiform Papillae, Taste Sensitivity and Smell Functions of Children Aged 11–15

The importance of the taste preferences and sensitivity of mothers and their children in the aspect of excessive body weight of children

Olfactory–gustatory simultaneity judgments: A preliminary study on the congruency‐dependent temporal window of multisensory binding

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