Associations between specific components of executive control and eating behaviors in adolescence: A study using objective and subjective measures

Nelson, Timothy D.; James, Tiffany D.; Johnson, Anna B.; Mason, W. Alex; Yaroch, Amy L.; Espy, Kimberly Andrews

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2020.104784

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…This selection process resulted in the full-text examination of 19 articles, of which 7 articles were excluded for the following reasons: (a) they did not present data regarding the associations between LOC-eating and inhibitory control and/or reward sensitivity in the results, conclusion, or discussion sections ( n = 4); (b) they presented a global measure of eating behavior psychopathology, but did not explicitly evaluate LOC-eating ( n = 1); (c) they assessed general executive functioning rather than inhibitory control/reward sensitivity scores ( n = 1); and (d) the results regarding the relationship between LOC-eating and inhibitory control did not contain any data for the sample without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, a total of 12 articles were included in this review [ 18 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study sample size varied substantially across studies, from 40 to 4803 participants. Six studies focused exclusively on a community sample of adolescents [ 25 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 35 ], three studies focused on the comparison between children/adolescents with overweight/obesity, healthy weight, and/or binge-eating disorder [ 26 , 28 , 34 ], and one study focused exclusively on children and adolescents with overweight/obesity [ 18 ]. The research measures used in these studies include mostly behavioral tasks (one during fMRI) and self-report measures [ 26 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, all the studies used the same self-report measure to evaluate inhibitory control—“ Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF)—Inhibition Subscale” [ 50 ]. One study applied a behavioral task (“Go/NoGo Task”) and a self-report measure simultaneously to assess inhibitory control in adolescents [ 30 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relationship between LOC-eating and inhibitory control was explored in 10 out of the 12 studies included in the present review, resulting in mixed conclusions [ 18 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. When considering objective behavioral task-based measures of inhibitory control, the conclusions regarding the link between LOC-eating and inhibitory control are incongruent and mostly focused on adolescents (vs. children).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Loss of Control over Eating, Inhibitory Control, and Reward Sensitivity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

et al. 2023

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Overview: In recent years, there has been increasing clinical and empirical interest in the concept of pediatric loss of control over eating, particularly about its link with the executive functions related to the concept of impulsivity, such as inhibitory control and reward sensitivity. However, there has yet to be a comprehensive literature synthesis about the associations between these variables. A comprehensive literature synthesis would help identify future research directions to advance the field in this area. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence concerning the associations between loss of control over eating, inhibitory control, and reward sensitivity in children and adolescents. Methods: The systematic review was conducted according to the guidelines proposed by PRISMA in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and PsycINFO. The Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies was used to assess the risk of bias. Results: Twelve studies met the selection criteria and were included in the final review. Overall, methodological heterogeneity, variability in assessment methods, and the age of participants make it difficult to draw general conclusions. Nevertheless, most studies with community samples of adolescents indicate that inhibitory control difficulties are linked to the concept of loss of control eating. The presence of obesity seems to be associated with inhibitory control difficulties, regardless of the presence of loss of control eating. Studies on reward sensitivity are scarcer. However, it has been suggested that higher reward sensitivity is related to loss of control eating behaviors in young people, particularly binge eating. Conclusions: The literature on the link between loss of control eating and trait-level facets of impulsivity (low inhibitory control and higher reward sensitivity) among young people remains limited, and more studies on children are needed. Findings from this review may make healthcare professionals more aware of the potential clinical importance of targeting the trait-level facets of impulsivity and help to inform existing and future weight-loss/maintenance interventions in childhood and adolescence.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Loss of Control over Eating, Inhibitory Control, and Reward Sensitivity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

et al. 2023

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“…Each task is described briefly below, and further details are available elsewhere (Nelson et al, 2020). Inhibitory control was assessed with the computerized version of the Go/No-Go task (adapted from Bezdjian et al, 2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Task-Based and Questionnaire Assessments of Executive Control Aspects in Relation to Adolescent Marijuana Initiation

et al. 2023

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Prior research has linked deficits in executive control (EC) to marijuana use in adolescents but has relied either primarily on adolescent self-report of EC or tasked-based EC, and focused on limited aspects of EC, usually inhibitory control. We examined unique associations of three established aspects of EC (inhibitory control, working memory, and flexible shifting) assessed with both performance on laboratory tasks and self-report in relation to marijuana initiation. Participants were 260 youth (ages 14-18 years) from a small Midwestern city in the United States enrolled in the adolescent phase (beginning in 2017) of an ongoing study of EC development recruited originally between 2006 and 2012 (46% male, 72% European American). The three aspects of executive control were measured in a laboratory setting with well-established performance-based measures and with a psychometrically-sound self-report survey instrument. Youth also provided self-report of marijuana initiation in a phone survey administered during their laboratory visit. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that flexible shifting as measured by a performance-based task was negatively and uniquely associated with marijuana initiation (AOR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.48 – 0.91), and self-reported deficits in inhibitory control were positively associated with marijuana initiation (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.15 – 3.21). Although larger-scale longitudinal research is needed, findings of this study suggest that screening efforts to identify youth at risk of marijuana initiation might rely on more cost-effective self-report assessment of inhibitory control, but further valuable information can come from more resource-intensive but sensitive performance-based assessment of flexible shifting.

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Executive function, perceived stress and eating behaviours among Chinese young adults

Chen,

Lam,

Yuan

et al. 2024

Stress and Health

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Young adults in a transitional period may experience more stress and, hence, suffer from an increased risk of unhealthy eating. Executive function (EF) involves not only inhibitory control and mental flexibility (the ‘cool’ facet) to facilitate resistance to immediate temptations, but also affective decision making (the ‘hot’ facet) that helps to regulate emotional eating. The effects of different facets of EF and their interactions with perceived stress on eating behaviours remained underexplored. In this study, 594 young adults in their graduation year of post‐secondary education were included. We used latent profile analysis to identify major patterns of eating behaviours and analysed their associations with perceived stress, and both the ‘cool’ and ‘hot’ facets of EF using multinominal logistic regression models. Latent profile analysis identified three clusters of eating patterns: non‐approaching moderate eaters (N = 312, 52.5%), approaching eaters (N = 229, 38.6%), and approaching‐and‐avoidant eaters (N = 53, 8.9%). Logistic regression models found that the approaching‐and‐avoidant eating pattern was associated with higher perceived stress (OR = 3.16, p value = 0.007) and poorer affective decision‐making (OR = 0.97, p value = 0.006). Stratified analysis further revealed that higher perceived stress was significantly associated with approaching‐and‐avoidant eating only among individuals with poorer affective decision‐making. These findings suggest that individuals with poorer emotional regulation may face greater difficulties in regulating eating behaviours when experiencing higher stress. Interventions for people with a mixed pattern of approaching‐and‐avoidance eating should focus on providing support to regulate emotion‐related eating.

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Associations between specific components of executive control and eating behaviors in adolescence: A study using objective and subjective measures

Cited by 9 publications

References 53 publications

Loss of Control over Eating, Inhibitory Control, and Reward Sensitivity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Loss of Control over Eating, Inhibitory Control, and Reward Sensitivity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

A Comparison of Task-Based and Questionnaire Assessments of Executive Control Aspects in Relation to Adolescent Marijuana Initiation

Executive function, perceived stress and eating behaviours among Chinese young adults

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