Associations between smoking and body weight in the US population: analysis of NHANES II.

Albanês, Demetrius; Jones, D. E.; Micozzi, Marc S.; Mattson, Margaret E.

doi:10.2105/ajph.77.4.439

Cited by 378 publications

(273 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…First, other factors, such as sports activity or physical activity, might confound the relationship between smoking and OA. Second, recent research has shown that smokers are more likely to maintain low weights over time, as opposed to nonsmokers, who tend to gain weight over time (11); therefore, weight change might confound the smoking-OA association. Finally, we were concerned that weight, a potent risk factor for OA (12), might have a nonlinear relationship with disease and that nonlinear modeling of weight might be necessary.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does smoking protect against osteoarthritis?

Felson

Anderson

Naimark

et al. 1989

Arthritis & Rheumatism

132

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While studying knee osteoarthritis (OA) in the first Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we unexpectedly found a protective association between smoking and OA. After adjustment for age, sex, and weight, smokers had a significantly lower rate of OA than did nonsmokers, and heavier smokers were less likely to have the disease than were light smokers. To test this association in a separate study and see if it was due to confounding factors, we looked at the Framingham Osteoarthritis Study, a study of elderly members of the Framingham Heart Study cohort. We evaluated whether the presence of knee OA in 1983-1985 was related to smoking status at the first Framingham examination, 36 years earlier. Subjects who had been smokers at examination 1 had a lower rate of OA (190 of 679,28%) than did nonsmokers (276 of 736,37.5%). In an analysis adjusted for age, sex, and weight, heavy smokers had a modestly lower risk of developing knee OA than did nonsmokers (relative risk 0.81). Also, the adjusted risk of severe OA was less in heavy smokers than in nonsmokers (relative risk 0.73). The negative association with OA persisted when we examined the average cigarette consumption over the first 10 years of the Framingham study. Furthermore, after controlling for age, sex, weight, knee injury history, sports activity history, physical activity level, coffee and alcohol consumption, and weight change after examination 1, and after modeling weight and age in a nonlinear manner, smoking remained a significant protector against later knee OA. It appears that smoking or some unidentified factor correlated with smoking modestly protects against the development of knee OA.With a recent surge of interest in the epidemiology of osteoarthritis (OA) has come a search for factors that might prevent the progression of cartilage damage into manifest disease. While studying the link between radiographically evident knee OA and obesity and occupation in the first Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES I) (I), we unexpectedly found a modest, statistically significant protective association between smoking and OA. This association persisted after statistical adjustments for age, sex, and weight. A literature search revealed little previous research concerning smoking and OA, although smoking has been suggested as a risk factor for low back pain (2,3).We sought to confirm this link between smoking and OA in an entirely separate sample, the Framingham Osteoarthritis Study (FOS). While both the HANES I and the FOS are population-based studies, the two are different in that the HANES I study was of a nationwide sample, whereas the FOS sample was composed of persons living in Framingham, a predominantly white, middle-class Boston suburb. Furthermore, the FOS subjects were elderly, whereas HANES I subjects were middle-aged. Finally, in HANES I, smoking and OA were assessed concur-

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does smoking protect against osteoarthritis?

Felson

Anderson

Naimark

et al. 1989

Arthritis & Rheumatism

132

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The findings of the present study are in line with many other studies. In fact, many studies found that current smokers are more likely to have higher WC [26][27][28] values than nonsmokers. However, Berlin et al found that high WC values were less frequent among current smokers [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between the time of length since smoking cessation and insulin resistance in asymptomatic Korean male ex-smokers

Kim¹

2017

J Gen Pract (Los Angel)

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Aim. Smoking is a major risk factor for diabetes mellitus, mainly due to decreased insulin secretion and increased insulin resistance. However, there has been little research on the effects of smoking cessation period on changes in insulin resistance. In this study, we investigated the relationships between the length of time since smoking cessation period and insulin resistance in asymptomatic Korean male ex-smokers. Methods. A total of 851 male adults were included in this study. We considered several factors that can affect insulin resistance, and through multiple linear regression analysis, we assessed the effect the length of time since smoking cessation on insulin resistance in ex-smokers. Insulin resistance was represented as the insulin resistance index estimated by homeostasis model assessment. Results. HOMA-IR values showed a statistically significant negative correlation with the length of time since smoking cessation (p = 0 009) in ex-smokers. After performing multiple linear regression analysis using factors that could potentially influence insulin resistance, we found that waist circumference (p = 0 026) and the length of time since smoking cessation (p = 0 039) were independent predictors of HOMA-IR in asymptomatic male ex-smokers. Conclusion. The longer the smoking cessation period, the more the insulin resistance tended to decrease in asymptomatic Korean male ex-smokers.

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“…31,32 Then again, smoking tends to be similarly unable to explain geographical variation in other diseases, such as ischaemic heart disease, 33 ± 35 cerebrovascular disease, 36 or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 37 for which it is a known risk factor. As regards alcohol consumption, the situation is somewhat different, since the association between alcohol and body weight has not been unequivocally established in the scienti®c literature on the subject.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of geographical variations in body mass index (BMI) and obesity in Spain

et al. 1999

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OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors associated with geographic variations in Body Mass Index (BMI) and obesity in Spain. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, ecological analysis using data on illiteracy rate (per 1000 population), energy intake (kcala apersona ad), sedentary population (%), smoking population (%), alcohol consumption (gapersonad), and percentage of population aged 65 y or over, for Spain's 50 provinces. SUBJECTS: Non-institutionalized population aged 16 y or over. MEASUREMENTS: Median BMI and percentage of population with obesity, de®ned as BMI b 30 kgam 2 . RESULTS: There was a clear geographical pattern, with some areas in the south and north-west of the country registering the highest BMI and prevalence of obesity and a north ± south pattern on illiteracy per 1000 population. Multivariate regression analysis showed that illiteracy, sedentary lifestyle and energy intake explain 35% and 14% of the variation in BMI and obesity, respectively. Illiteracy proved to be the variable most associated with both BMI (regression coef®cient (b b 0.01; P 0.005) and obesity (b b 0.05; P 0.013). Sedentary lifestyle showed a statistically signi®cant relationship with BMI (b b 0.01; P 0.03), but not with obesity (b b 0.03; P 0.581). Energy intake exhibited a relationship with BMI (b b`0.01 P 0.03) that lost statistical signi®cance when adjusted for age. CONCLUSION: Geographical variations in BMI in Spain are partly explained by illiteracy, sedentary lifestyle and, to a lesser extent, energy intake, whereas regional variations in obesity are related only to the educational level of the population.

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Associations between smoking and body weight in the US population: analysis of NHANES II.

Cited by 378 publications

References 28 publications

Does smoking protect against osteoarthritis?

Does smoking protect against osteoarthritis?

Association between the time of length since smoking cessation and insulin resistance in asymptomatic Korean male ex-smokers

Determinants of geographical variations in body mass index (BMI) and obesity in Spain

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