Associations between sleep conditions and body composition states: results of the EPISONO study

Abstract

Background Evidence suggests anthropometric indicators of obesity are associated with changes in sleep quality and quantity, and the presence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Investigations including diverse and objective evaluations of sleep and body composition are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the associations between indicators of sleep impairment and body composition states in a sample from a population‐based study. Methods Participants of the first follow‐up of the EPISONO (São Paulo, Brazil) >50 years were cross‐sectionally evaluated. Sleep was assessed through questionnaires, actigraphy, and polysomnography. Body composition was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass adjusted for body mass index defined sarcopenia (men <0.789 and women <0.512). Total body fat defined obesity (men >30% and women >40%). The overlap between both conditions defined sarcopenic obesity (SO). Final results were obtained by multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results Three hundred fifty‐nine adults [mean (standard deviation) age, 61 (8.8) years; 212 (59.1%) female] were enrolled. Obesity was detected in 22.6% of the sample, sarcopenia in 5.6%, and SO in 16.2%. After controlling for covariates, OSA was associated with SO [odds ratio = 3.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.49–6.61]. Additionally, nocturnal hypoxaemia was associated with both obesity (adjusted odds ratio = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.49–4.49) and SO (odds ratio = 2.92, 95% CI = 1.39–6.13). Other indicators of poor sleep/sleep disorders were not associated with body composition states. Conclusions Sarcopenic obesity but not obesity alone was associated with OSA. Both obesity and SO but not sarcopenia were associated with nocturnal hypoxaemia. The findings suggest a complex pathophysiologic relationship between adverse body composition states and OSA. Upcoming research on risk factors and therapeutic interventions for OSA should target synchronically the lean and adipose body tissues.

Syndrome Metabolic Markers, Fitness and Body Fat Is Associated with Sleep Quality in Women with Severe/Morbid Obesity

“…Similarly, another study reported that fewer hours of sleep may be linked to fat mass index and obesity increase in Korean adults [28]. Another study showed that body composition of subjects with obesity is related to sleep habit changes (i.e., sleep quality and quantity), and the results of this study also indicated that sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnoea are associated with sarcopenic obesity, and nocturnal hypoxia is linked to obesity [29].…”

Sleep in Older Adults and Its Possible Relations With COVID-19

“…It has been proposed that this protection against OSA cardiovascular consequences among older adults are due to mild cycles of hypoxia-reoxygenation leading to ischemic preconditioning, inducing favorable vascular remodeling (Lavie and Lavie, 2006). On the other hand, the presence of OSA in older adults is associated with clinical and neuropsychiatric manifestations not frequently observed in younger adults; such as dementia, depressive symptoms, epileptic crises, glaucoma, unexplained nocturia, frequent falls, and cardiovascular events (Lévy et al, 1996;Collop, 1997;Launois et al, 2007), as well as more recently described geriatric syndromes, such as frailty, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity (Piovezan et al, 2015(Piovezan et al, , 2019. SDB in older adults is associated with reduced quality of life (Stepnowsky et al, 2000;Baldwin et al, 2001;Kezirian et al, 2009), increased low-grade systemic inflammation (Chung et al, 2009) and cardiovascular alterations (McMillan and Morrell, 2016).…”

Associations of Sedentary Behaviour, Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Composition with Risk of Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders in Children with Overweight/Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Furthermore, sarcopenic obesity has been associated with SRBD in adults, but not obesity in general. The hypothesis is that an excess of fat is a predictor of SRBD only when the lean mass is low [69][70][71]. However, in children, loss of lean mass is not a common problem, and little has been studied about body composition in relation to SRBD.…”